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This report describes findings on the proteins released during <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cultivation of adult <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic> , the causative agent of canine and feline heartworm disease. Differences in protein secretion among nematodes <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> may relate to the ecological niche of each parasite and the pathological changes that they induce.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The proteins in the secretions of cultured adult worms were run on Tris-Glycine gels, bands separated and peptides from each band analysed by ultra mass spectrometry and compared with a FastA dataset of predicted tryptic peptides derived from a genome sequence of <jats:italic>D. immitis.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study identified 110 proteins. Of these proteins, 52 were unique to <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic> . A total of 23 (44%) were recognized as proteins likely to be secreted. Although these proteins were unique, the motifs were conserved compared with proteins secreted by other nematodes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present data indicate that <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic> secretes proteins that are unique to this species, when compared with <jats:italic>Brugia malayi<\/jats:italic>. The two major functional groups of molecules represented were those representing cellular and of metabolic processes. Unique proteins might be important for maintaining an infection in the host environment, intimately involved in the pathogenesis of disease and may also provide new tools for the diagnosis of heartworm infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]],"date-time":"2012-07-10T20:59:01Z","timestamp":1341953941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["First analysis of the secretome of the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Geary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Satti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yovany","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Madrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Whitten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selwyn A","family":"Headley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalen","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Geary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"662_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)00204-2","volume":"66","author":"JW McCall","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCall JW, Genchi C, Kramer LH, Guerrero J, Venco L: Heartworm disease in animals and humans. 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