{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:04:28Z","timestamp":1791162268494,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T12:14:05Z","timestamp":1348056845000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Identification of different trypanosome species in the mid-guts of tsetse flies of the Malanga (Kimpese) sleeping sickness focus of the Democratic Republic of Congo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Gustave","family":"Simo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barberine","family":"Silatsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Njiokou","family":"Flobert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Lutumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philemon","family":"Mansinsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joule","family":"Madinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emile","family":"Manzambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reginald","family":"De Deken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tazoacha","family":"Asonganyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"682_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001007","volume":"5","author":"PP Simarro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simarro PP, Jannin J, Cattand P: The Human African Trypanosomiasis control and surveillance programme of the World Health Organization: The way forward. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011, 5: e1007-10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001007.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"682_CR2","first-page":"11","volume":"29","author":"L Penchenier","year":"1996","unstructured":"Penchenier L, Wang S, Bureau P: Historique et \u00e9volution de la maladie du sommeil dans les pays de l\u2019OCEAC. In La trypanosomiase dans les \u00e9tats de l\u2019OCEAC : historique et actualit\u00e9. Bul Liais Doc OCEAC. 1996, 29: 11-22.","journal-title":"In La trypanosomiase dans les \u00e9tats de l\u2019OCEAC : historique et actualit\u00e9. Bul Liais Doc OCEAC"},{"issue":"2","key":"682_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050055","volume":"5","author":"PP Simarro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simarro PP, Jannin J, Cattang P: Eliminating Human African Trypanosomiasis: where do we stand and what comes next?. Plos Med. 2008, 5 (2): 55-10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050055.","journal-title":"Plos Med"},{"key":"682_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.03.006","volume":"91","author":"F Njiokou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Njiokou F, Simo G, Mbida Mbida A, Truc P, Cuny G, Herder S: A study of host preference in tsetse flies using a modified heteroduplex PCR-based method. Acta Trop. 2004, 91: 117-120. 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.03.006.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"682_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00193.x","volume":"13","author":"DA Boakye","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boakye DA, Tang J, Truc P, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR: Identification of bloodmeals in haematophagous Diptera by cytochrome B heteroduplex analysis. Med Vet Entomol. 1999, 13: 282-287. 10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00193.x.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"682_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(90)90046-O","volume":"40","author":"PAO Majiwa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Majiwa PAO, Otieno LH: Recombinant DNA probes reveal simultaneous infections of tsetse flies with different species. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1990, 40: 245-254. 10.1016\/0166-6851(90)90046-O.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"682_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000076150","volume":"108","author":"PAO Majiwa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Majiwa PAO, Thatti E, Moloo SK, Nyeko JHP, Otieno LH, Maloo S: Detection of trypanosome infections in the saliva of tsetse flies and buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle. Parasitology. 1994, 108: 312-322.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"682_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000061023","volume":"99","author":"DR Moser","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moser DR, Cook GA, Ochs DE, Bailey CP, McKane MR, Donelson JE: Detection of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei subspecies by DNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction. Parasitology. 1989, 99: 57-66. 10.1017\/S0031182000061023.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"682_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90023-5","volume":"53","author":"T Bromidge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bromidge T, Gibson W, Hudson KM, Dukes P: Identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense by PCR amplification of variant surface glycoprotein genes. Acta Trop. 1993, 53: 107-119. 10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90023-5.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"682_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00101-2","volume":"102","author":"A MacLeod","year":"1999","unstructured":"MacLeod A, Turner CMR, Tait A: A high level of mixed Trypanosoma brucei infections in tsetse flies detected by three hypervariable minisatellites. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1999, 102: 237-248. 10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00101-2.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"682_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00171-1","volume":"105","author":"N Biteau","year":"2000","unstructured":"Biteau N, Bringaud F, Gibson W, Truc P, Baltz T: Characterization of Trypanozoon isolates using a repeated coding sequence and microsatellite markers. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2000, 105: 185-201.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"682_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.289","volume":"67","author":"M Radwanska","year":"2002","unstructured":"Radwanska M, Claes F, Magez S, Magnus E, Perez-Morga D, Pays E, B\u00fcscher P: Novel primer sequences for polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002, 67: 289-295.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"682_CR13","first-page":"61","volume":"37","author":"J Gouteux","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gouteux J, Lancien J: Le pi\u00e8ge pyramidal \u00e0 ts\u00e9-ts\u00e9 (Diptera: Glossinidae) pour la capture et la lutte. Essais comparatifs et description de nouveaux syst\u00e8mes de capture. Trop Med Parasitol. 1986, 37: 61-66.","journal-title":"Essais comparatifs et description de nouveaux syst\u00e8mes de capture. Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"682_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00161-8","volume":"31","author":"M Desquesnes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Desquesnes M, McLaughlin G, Zoungrana A, Davila AM: Detection and identification of Trypanosoma of African livestock through a single PCR based on internal transcribed spacer 1 of rDNA. Int J Parasitol. 2001, 31: 610-614. 10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00161-8.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"682_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90047-O","volume":"22","author":"DK Masiga","year":"1992","unstructured":"Masiga DK, Smyth AJ, Hayes P, Bromidge TJ, Gibson WC: Sensitive detection of trypanosomes in tsetse flies by DNA amplification. Int J Parasitol. 1992, 22: 909-918. 10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90047-O.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"682_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.06.002","volume":"116","author":"O Farikou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farikou O, Njiokou F, Simo G, Asonganyi T, Cuny G, Geiger A: Tsetse fly blood meal modification and trypanosome identification in two sleeping sickness foci in the forest of southern Cameroon. Acta Trop. 2010, 116: 81-88. 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.06.002.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"682_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.02.026","volume":"139","author":"G Simo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Simo G, Asonganyi T, Nkinin SW, Njiokou F, Herder S: High prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense group 1 in pigs from the Fontem sleeping sickness focus in Cameroon. Vet Parasitol. 2006, 139: 57-66. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.02.026.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"682_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2002094345","volume":"9","author":"S Herder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Herder S, Simo G, Nkinin S, Njiokou F: Detection of trypanosomes in wild animals from southern Cameroon using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Parasite. 2002, 9: 345-349.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"682_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.04.011","volume":"92","author":"F Njiokou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Njiokou F, Simo G, Nkinin SW, Laveissi\u00e8re C, Herder S: Infection rate of Trypanosoma brucei s.l, T. vivax, T. congolense \u00abforest type\u00bb and T. simiae in small wild vertebrate in south Cameroon. Acta Trop. 2004, 92: 139-146. 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.04.011.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"682_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.09.005","volume":"8","author":"G Simo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simo G, Njiokou F, Mbida Mbida JA, Njitchouang GR, Herder S, Asonganyi T, Cuny G: Tsetse fly host preference from sleeping sickness foci in Cameroon: epidemiological implications. Infect Genet Evol. 2008, 8: 34-39. 10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.09.005.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"682_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2005.04.003","volume":"6","author":"F Njiokou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Njiokou F, Laveissi\u00e8re C, Simo G, Nkinin S, Gr\u00e9baut P, Cuny G, Herder S: Wild fauna as a probable animal reservoir for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Cameroon. Infect Genet Evol. 2006, 6: 147-153. 10.1016\/j.meegid.2005.04.003.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"682_CR22","first-page":"258","volume":"40","author":"A Makumyaviri","year":"1989","unstructured":"Makumyaviri A, Mehlitz D, Kageruka P, Kazumba GL, Molisho D: Le r\u00e9servoir animal de Trypanosoma brucei gambiense au Zaire: infections trypanosomiennes dans deux foyers du Bas-zaire. Trop Med Parasitol. 1989, 40: 258-262.","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"682_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2011182171","volume":"18","author":"H Nimpaye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nimpaye H, Njiokou F, Njine T, Njitchouang GR, Cuny G, Herder S, Asonganyi T, Simo G: Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense \"forest type\" and T. simiae: prevalence in domestic animals of sleeping sickness foci of Cameroon. Parasite. 2011, 18: 9-171.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"682_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000065094","volume":"112","author":"DK Masiga","year":"1996","unstructured":"Masiga DK, McNamara JJ, Laveissi\u00e8re C, Truc P, Gibson WC: A high prevalence of mixed infections in tsetse flies in Sinfra, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, detected by DNA amplification. Parasitology. 1996, 112: 75-80. 10.1017\/S0031182000065094.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"682_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(98)00014-X","volume":"70","author":"I Morlais","year":"1998","unstructured":"Morlais I, Gr\u00e9baut P, Bodo JM, Djoha S, Cuny G, Herder S: Detection and identification of trypanosomes by polymerase chain reaction in wild tsetse flies in Cameroon. Acta Trop. 1998, 70: 109-117. 10.1016\/S0001-706X(98)00014-X.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"682_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099005983","volume":"120","author":"MJ Lehane","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lehane MJ, Msangi AR, Whitacker CJ, Lehane SM: Grouping of trypanosome species in mixed infections in Glossina pallidipes. Parasitology. 2000, 120: 583-592. 10.1017\/S0031182099005983.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"682_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005876","volume":"129","author":"V Jamonneau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jamonneau V, Ravel S, Koffi M, Kaba D, Zeze DG, Ndri L, Sane B, Coulibaly B, Cuny G, Solano P: Mixed infections of trypanosomes in tsetse and pigs and their epidemiological significance in a sleeping sickness focus of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. Parasitology. 2004, 129: 693-702. 10.1017\/S0031182004005876.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"682_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(94)00087-H","volume":"59","author":"JJ McNamara","year":"1995","unstructured":"McNamara JJ, Laveissi\u00e8re C, Masiga DK: Multiple trypanosome infections in tsetse in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire detected by PCR analysis and DNA probes. Acta Trop. 1995, 59: 85-92. 10.1016\/0001-706X(94)00087-H.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"682_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.02.023","volume":"128","author":"G Simo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simo G, Njitchoua ng GR, Njiokou F, Cuny G, Asonganyi T: Trypanosoma brucei s.l.: Microsatellite markers revealed high level of multiple genotypes in the mid-guts of wild tsetse flies of the Fontem sleeping sickness focus of Cameroon. Exp Parasitol. 2011, 128: 272-8. 10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.02.023.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-201\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T08:28:19Z","timestamp":1564561699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-201","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]]},"article-number":"201"}}