{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:59:08Z","timestamp":1792159148586,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Kinins liberated from plasma\u2013borne kininogens, are potent innate stimulatory signals. We evaluated whether resistance to infection by <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) chagasi<\/jats:italic> depends on activation of G-protein coupled bradykinin B2 receptors (B2R).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>B2R <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> C57BL\/6 knock-out (KOB2) and B2R<jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup> C57BL\/6-wild type control mice (C57) were infected with amastigotes of <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) chagasi<\/jats:italic>. Thirty days after infection, the KOB2 mice showed 14% and 32% relative increases of liver (p&lt; 0.017) and spleen weights (p&lt;0.050), respectively, whereas liver parasite load increased 65% (p&lt; 0.011) in relation to wild type mice. The relative weight increases of liver and spleen and the parasite load were positively correlated (R = 0.6911; p&lt; 0.007 to R = 0.7629; p&lt; 0.001, respectively). Conversely, we found a negative correlation between the increased liver relative weight and the weakened DTH response (a strong correlate to protection or natural resistance to VL) or the decreased levels of IgG2b antibodies to leishmanial antigen. Finally, we also found that IFN-\u03b3 secretion by splenocytes, an adaptive response that was significantly decreased in KOB2 mice (p&lt; 0.002), was (i) negatively correlated to the increase in liver LDU (R = \u22120.6684; p = 0.035) and liver\/body relative weight (R = \u22120.6946; p = 0.026) and (ii) positively correlated to serum IgG2b levels (R = 0.8817; p = 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found that mice lacking B2R display increased susceptibility to the infection by <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) chagasi.<\/jats:italic> Our findings suggest that activation of the bradykinin\/B2R pathway contributes to development of host resistance to visceral leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T11:14:48Z","timestamp":1352891688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Resistance to visceral leishmaniasis is severely compromised in mice deficient of bradykinin B2-receptors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Dirlei","family":"Nico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Ferreira","family":"Feij\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naiara","family":"Maran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Morrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Scharfstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Palatnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarisa Beatriz","family":"Palatnik-de-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"743_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Leishmaniasis: background information. http:\/\/www.who.int\/leishmaniasis\/en\/]."},{"key":"743_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-197","volume":"4","author":"CB Palatnik-de-Sousa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Palatnik-de-Sousa CB, Day MJ: One Health: the Global Challenge of Epidemic and Endemic Leishmaniasis. 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