{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:24:03Z","timestamp":1792416243615,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Anaemia is known to be one of the outcomes of parasitic infection and it may result in impaired cognitive development, reduced physical work capacity and in severe cases increased risk of mortality, particularly during the prenatal period. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in Gilgel-Gibe dam area, southwestern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A cross-sectional community based study was conducted on 388 pregnant women living in three districts around Gilgel Gibe Dam area, southwestern Ethiopia. Socio-demographic and socio-economic data were collected from each participant. A single stool sample was also collected from each selected pregnant woman. Haemoglobin concentration was determined by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Plasmodium infection prevalence and intensity were assessed with thin and thick blood film examination.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of the total 388 study participants, 209 (53.9%) were anaemic. Pregnant woman who were rural residents (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.62, 95% C.I: 1.02-2.62, P= 0.042), not using insecticide treated nets (ITNs) during the study period (AOR = 2.84, 95% C.I: 1.33-6.05, p = 0.007), those who were Plasmodium malaria infected (AOR = 11.19, 95% C.I: 3.31-37.7, p= 0.01) and those with Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections (AOR=1.82, 95% C.I: 1.16-2.87, p=0.001) had higher odds of being anaemic than those who were urban residents, using ITNs, free of Plasmodium malaria and Soil transmitted helminth infection, respectively. There was a significant correlation between increasing hookworm parasite load (r = \u2212.110, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001), <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> (r = \u2212.122, P &lt; 0.001) and <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>(r = \u2212.025, P &lt; 0.001) and decreasing hematocrit values.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The high prevalence of anaemia indicates it is currently a serious health problem of pregnant women living in Gilgel Gibe Dam area. Plasmodium malaria and soil transmitted helminth infections were significantly associated with anaemia. Antenatal care should promote de-worming and education on personal hygiene. Therefore, there is a need to design strategies that help to diagnose pregnant women for malaria and STH infections during their antenatal care (ANC) visit instead of testing for only haemoglobin (Hgb) levels and blood group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,17]],"date-time":"2012-12-17T11:14:00Z","timestamp":1355742840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Anaemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Gilgel Gibe dam area, Southwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Million","family":"Getachew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delenesaw","family":"Yewhalaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketema","family":"Tafess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehenew","family":"Getachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Zeynudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"774_CR1","first-page":"97","volume":"3","author":"MA McDevitt","year":"2004","unstructured":"McDevitt MA, Xie J, Gordeuk V, Bucala R: The anaemia of malaria infection: role of inflammatory cytokines. Curr Hematol Rep. 2004, 3: 97-106.","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"key":"774_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.519","volume":"34","author":"LS Stephenson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Stephenson LS, Latham MC, Kurz KM, Kinoti SN, Oduori ML, Crompton DW: Relationships of Schistosoma hematobium, hookworm and malarial infections and metrifonate treatment to haemoglobin level in Kenyan school children. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 1985, 34: 519-528.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"key":"774_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"HM Gilles","year":"1964","unstructured":"Gilles HM, Williams EJ, Ball PA: Hookworm infection and anaemia. An epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory Study. Q J Med. 1964, 33: 1-24.","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"774_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.09.015","volume":"102","author":"R Ndomugyenyi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ndomugyenyi R, Kabatereine N, Olsen A, Magnusses P: Malaria and hookworm infections in relation to haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels in pregnancy in Masindi district, Western Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002, 102: 130-136.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"774_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.896","volume":"80","author":"JY Nelly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nelly JY, Jiang YI, Tsiri A: Malaria and Intestinal Helminth Co-Infection Among Pregnant Women in Ghana: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009, 80 (6): 896-901.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"774_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.36","volume":"64","author":"L Guyatt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guyatt L, Snow W: The epidemiology and burden of Plasmodium falciparum related anaemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2001, 64: 36-44.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"key":"774_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600851","volume":"53","author":"M Huddle","year":"1999","unstructured":"Huddle M, Gibson S, Cullinan R: The impact of malaria infection and diet on the anaemia status of rural pregnant Malawian women. European J Clin Nutr. 1999, 53: 792-801. 10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600851.","journal-title":"European J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"774_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032492","volume":"351","author":"J Peter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peter J, Simon B, Phil J, Bethony M, Maria E, Alex L, Shuva X: Hookworm infection. N Eng J Med. 2004, 351 (8): 799-807. 10.1056\/NEJMra032492.","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"774_CR9","first-page":"251","volume":"31","author":"S Desalegn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Desalegn S: Prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy in Jima town, southwestern Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 1993, 31 (4): 251-8.","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"774_CR10","volume-title":"Determinants of anaemia in pregnant women with emphasis on intestinal helminthic infection at bushulo health center southern Ethiopia","author":"B Tadege","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tadege B: Determinants of anaemia in pregnant women with emphasis on intestinal helminthic infection at bushulo health center southern Ethiopia. 2009, Addis Ababa University: Libraries Electronic, Thesis and Dissertations, AAU-ETD."},{"key":"774_CR11","unstructured":"The RVC\/FAO Guide to Veterinary Diagnostic Parasitology. http:\/\/www.rvc.ac.uk\/review\/parasitology\/EggCount\/Interpretation.htm."},{"key":"774_CR12","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Basic Haematological techniques","author":"JB Barbara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barbara JB, Bates I: Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. Basic Haematological techniques. 2001, Churchill Livingstone, 19-48. 9","edition":"9"},{"key":"774_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1985.tb04060.x","volume":"61","author":"International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH)","year":"1985","unstructured":"International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH): Proposed international standard of ferritin for serum ferritin assay. Brit J Haem. 1985, 61: 61-63.","journal-title":"Brit J Haem"},{"key":"774_CR14","volume-title":"A guide for programme managers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001","unstructured":"World Health Organization:Iron Deficiency Anaemia Assessment, Prevention, and Control. A guide for programme managers. 2001, WHO\/NHD\/01,"},{"key":"774_CR15","volume-title":"Part 1. Learner\u2019s guide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization:Basic Malaria Microscopy. Part 1. Learner\u2019s guide. 2010, Geneva: World Health Organization,"},{"key":"774_CR16","volume-title":"Prevalence of anaemia among ANC attendants of Assendabo Teaching Health Center","author":"T Yonas","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yonas T: Prevalence of anaemia among ANC attendants of Assendabo Teaching Health Center. 1996, Jimma, Ethiopia: MSc thesis. Jimma Institute of Health Sciences"},{"key":"774_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.783","volume":"73","author":"R Larocque","year":"2005","unstructured":"Larocque R, Casapia M, Gotuzzo E, Gyorkos T: Relationship between intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and anaemia during pregnancy. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2005, 73: 783-789.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"key":"774_CR18","volume-title":"4th report on World Nutrition situation; Nutrition throughout the life cycle","author":"United Nations administrative committee on coordination, subcommittee on nutrition (ACC\/SCN)","year":"2000","unstructured":"United Nations administrative committee on coordination, subcommittee on nutrition (ACC\/SCN): 4th report on World Nutrition situation; Nutrition throughout the life cycle. 2000, Geneva: ACC\/SCN in collaboration with international food policy Research Institute, Available from URL: http:\/\/www.ifpri.org\/pubs\/books\/4thrpt\/4threport.pdf."},{"key":"774_CR19","volume-title":"Jordan J Biol Scien","author":"AM Salahat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salahat AM, Ibrahim IA: Prevalence of Anaemia among Jordanian Pregnant Women and the Effect of Early Pregnancy on Alkaline Phosphatase Activity. Jordan J Biol Scien. 2012,5.,"},{"key":"774_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000887","volume":"4","author":"M Boel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boel M, Carrara VI, Rijken M: Complex Interactions between Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Malaria in Pregnant Women on the Thai-Burmese Border. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010, 4: 10-15.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"774_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000800005","volume":"96","author":"AO Egwunyenga","year":"2001","unstructured":"Egwunyenga AO, Ajayi JA, Nmorsi OP, Duhlinska-Popova DD: Plasmodium \/intestinal helminth coinfections among pregnant Nigerian women. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. 2001, 96: 1055-1059.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-296.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T21:02:51Z","timestamp":1630530171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-296","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"296"}}