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However, hardly any relevant epidemiological studies have been carried out in the country. The aim of the present survey was to assess the IPI infection status among a representative sample of HIV-positive Chinese in rural Anhui province, and compare the findings with those from a cohort of non-infected individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case control study was carried out in a rural village of Fuyang, Anhui province, China. Stool samples of all participants were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. Blood examination was performed for the HIV infection detection and anemia test. A questionnaire was administered to all study participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 302 HIV positive and 303 HIV negative individuals provided one stool sample for examination. The overall IPI prevalence of intestinal helminth infections among HIV positives was 4.3% (13\/302) while it was 5.6% (17\/303) among HIV negatives, a non-significant difference. The prevalence of protozoa infections among HIV positives was 23.2% while the rate was 25.8% among HIV negatives. The species-specific prevalences among HIV positives were as follows: 3.6% for hookworm, 0.7% for<jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>, zero for<jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>, 0.3% for<jats:italic>Clonorchis sinensis<\/jats:italic>, 1.3% for<jats:italic>Giardia intestinalis<\/jats:italic>, 16.2% for<jats:italic>Blastocystis hominis<\/jats:italic>, 1.7% for<jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>spp. and 8.3% for<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp..<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp. infections were significantly more prevalent among HIV positives (8.3%) compared to the HIV negative group (3.0%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Among people infected with HIV,<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp. was significantly more prevalent among males (12.6%) than females (4.4%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). According to multivariate logistic regression, the factors significantly associated with parasite infections of the people who were HIV positive included sex (male: OR = 6.70, 95% CI: 2.030, 22.114), younger age (less than 42 years old: OR = 4.148, 95% CI: 1.348, 12.761), and poor personal hygiene habits (OR = 0.324, 95% CI: 0.105, 0.994).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV positive individuals are more susceptible to co-infections with<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp. than HIV negative people, particularly younger males with poor personal hygiene habits, indicating a need for targeted hygiene promotion, IPI surveillance and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T13:14:18Z","timestamp":1329138858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Co-infection of HIV and intestinal parasites in rural area of China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Li-Guang","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Jin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Mei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Nong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"530_CR1","first-page":"332","volume":"23","author":"LQ Xu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xu LQ, Chen YD, Sun FH: A national survey on current status of the important parasitic diseases in human population. 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