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Four hypotheses relative to the conspecificity or lack thereof (and thus origin of these species) are possible: 1)\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    (usually infecting humans) and\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (recorded mostly from pigs) are both valid species, with the two species originating via a speciation event from a common ancestor sometime before the domestication of pigs by humans, or 2)\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    in humans is derived directly from the species\n                    <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    found in pigs with\n                    <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    then existing as a persistent ancestor after formation of\n                    <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or 3)\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    is derived directly from\n                    <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    with the persistent ancestor being\n                    <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    being the newly derived species, and finally, 4)\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    are the same species, this hypothesis being supported by studies showing both low morphological and low genetic divergence at several genes. We present and discuss paleoparasitological and genetic evidence that complement new data to evaluate the origin and evolution of\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in humans and pigs, and the uniqueness of the species in both hosts. Finally, we conclude that\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    are a single species and that the name\n                    <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    Linnaeus 1758 has taxonomic priority; therefore\n                    <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    Goeze 1782 should be considered a synonym of\n                    <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,20]],"date-time":"2012-02-20T18:14:06Z","timestamp":1329761646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":236,"title":["Are Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum a single species?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Leles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adauto","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"514_CR1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Manual of agricultural nematology","author":"Maggenti","year":"1991","unstructured":"Maggenti , Nemata AR: Higher Classification. 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