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Its zoonotic role has been suspected but only recently ascertained in a single case from Turkey. The present study provides further evidence on the occurrence of<jats:italic>O. lupi<\/jats:italic>infesting human eyes in two patients from Turkey (case 1) and Tunisia (case 2). The importance of obtaining a correct sample collection and preparation of nematodes infesting human eyes is highlighted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both cases the parasites were identified with morpho-anatomical characters at the gross examination, histological analysis and anatomical description and also molecularly in case 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nematode from the first case was obviously<jats:italic>O. lupi<\/jats:italic>based on their morphology at the gross examination, histological analysis and anatomical description. In the second case, although the diagnostic cuticular characters were not completely developed, other features were congruent with the identification of<jats:italic>O. lupi<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, the morphological identification was also molecularly confirmed in the Turkish case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study suggest that<jats:italic>O. lupi<\/jats:italic>infestation is not an occasional finding but it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other zoonotic helminths causing eye infestation in humans (e.g.,<jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:italic>). Both cases came from areas where no cases of canine onchocerciasis were previously reported in the literature, suggesting that an in depth appraisal of the infestation in canine populations is necessary. Physicians and ophthalmologists are advised on how to preserve nematode samples recovered surgically, to allow a definitive, correct etiological diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-84","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,27]],"date-time":"2012-04-27T18:14:32Z","timestamp":1335550472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Human ocular filariasis: further evidence on the zoonotic role of Onchocerca lupi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Dantas-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafer","family":"Cebeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baris","family":"Yeniad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesimi","family":"Buyukbabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozden Buyukbaba","family":"Boral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gustinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trim\u00e8che","family":"Mounir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasen","family":"Mutafchiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"574_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-41","volume":"4","author":"D Otranto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Otranto D, Eberhard ML: Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye. 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