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While typical feline babesiosis in South Africa is an afebrile disease with a chronic manifestation, there was acute onset of severe clinical signs in both cats and their body temperatures were above the normal range when they were presented for treatment. Haemolytic anaemia was confirmed in one case. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cerebral babesiosis in cats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On reverse line blot 18S rDNA PCR products obtained from both cats showed positive hybridization profiles with the\n                      <jats:italic>B. lengau<\/jats:italic>\n                      species-specific probe. The two partial parasite 18S rRNA gene sequences obtained, showed high sequence similarity (99.9%) to\n                      <jats:italic>B. lengau<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In a representative tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method using the two-parameter model of Kimura the two obtained partial 18S rDNA sequences and that of\n                      <jats:italic>B. lengau<\/jats:italic>\n                      formed a monophyletic group with\n                      <jats:italic>B. conradae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and sequences previously isolated from humans and wildlife in the western USA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All clinical cases of feline babesiosis in South Africa are not necessarily caused by\n                      <jats:italic>B. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Other piroplasms, e.g.\n                      <jats:italic>B. lengau<\/jats:italic>\n                      , may be incriminated in clinical cases, especially those occurring outside the known endemic area.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T11:16:30Z","timestamp":1367406990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Babesia lengau associated with cerebral and haemolytic babesiosis in two domestic cats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Anna-Mari","family":"Bosman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinda C","family":"Oosthuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle H","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan CA","family":"Steyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tertius A","family":"Gous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barend L","family":"Penzhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"917_CR1","first-page":"947","volume":"27","author":"P Bourdeau","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bourdeau P: Feline babesiosis. 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