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In immune competent individuals,\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      preferentially infects tissues of the central nervous systems (CNS), which might be an additional factor in certain psychiatric disorders. While in immune-compromised individuals and pregnant women, the parasite can cause life-threatening infections. With the availability of the genome-wide investigation platform, the global responses in gene expression of the host after\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection can be systematically investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Total RNA of brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes of BALB\/C mice infected with RH and ME 49 strain\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      as well as that of healthy mice were purified and converted to cRNA with incorporated Cy5-CTP (experimental samples), or Cy3-CTP (control samples). The labeled cRNA probes were hybridized to the Whole Mouse Genome Microarray. The impact of parasite infection on gene expression in both brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were revalidated with real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data indicated that the genes associated with immunity were up-regulated after infection by the two parasite strains, but significant up-regulation was observed in both brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes of mice infected with ME49 strain compared to that infected by RH strain. The pathways related to pathogenesis of the nervous system were more significantly up-regulated in mice infected with RH strain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genetically distinct\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains showed clear differences in modulation of host pathophysiological and immunological responses in both brain tissue and peripheral lymphocytes. It was likely that some of the host responses to\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection were universal, but the immune response and CNS reaction were in a strain-specific manner.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]],"date-time":"2013-06-04T12:16:43Z","timestamp":1370348203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Genome-wide comparative analysis revealed significant transcriptome changes in mice after Toxoplasma gondii infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Boyin","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jigang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"950_CR1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Parasitic protozoa","author":"J Dubey","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dubey J: Toxoplasma, Hammondia, Besnotia, Sarcosystis, and other tissue cyst-forming coccidia of man and animals. 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