{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:06:01Z","timestamp":1792199161522,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Despite the continuous efforts to improve the quality of life of Orang Asli (Aborigines) communities, these communities are still plagued with a wide range of health problems including parasitic infections. The first part of this study aimed at determining the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and identifying their associated factors among rural Orang Asli children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out among 484 Orang Asli children aged\u2009\u2264\u200915\u2009years (235 females and 249 males) belonging to 215 households from 13 villages in Lipis district, Pahang, Malaysia. Faecal samples were collected and examined by using formalin-ether sedimentation, Kato Katz and Harada Mori techniques. Demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural information were collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall, 78.1% of the children were found to be infected with one or more STH species. The prevalence of trichuriasis, ascariasis and hookworm infections were 71.7%, 37.4% and 17.6%, respectively. Almost all, three quarters and one fifth of trichuriasis, ascariasis and hookworm infections, respectively, were of moderate-to-heavy intensities. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age of\u2009\u2265\u20096\u2009years (school-age), using unsafe water supply as a source for drinking water, absence of a toilet in the house, large family size (\u2265 7 members), not washing hands before eating, and not washing hands after defecation were the key factors significantly associated with STH among these children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study reveals an alarmingly high prevalence of STH among Orang Asli children and clearly brings out an urgent need to implement school-based de-worming programmes and other control measures like providing a proper sanitation, as well as a treated drinking water supply and proper health education regarding good personal hygiene practices. Such an integrated control program will help significantly in reducing the prevalence and intensity of STH in Orang Asli communities.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T17:14:45Z","timestamp":1359393285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Towards an effective control programme of soil-transmitted helminth infections among Orang Asli in rural Malaysia. Part 1: Prevalence and associated key factors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Nabil A","family":"Nasr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham M","family":"Al-Mekhlafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulhamid","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Aidil","family":"Roslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awang","family":"Bulgiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"811_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(10)72002-9","volume":"72","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hotez PJ, Ehrenberg JP: Escalating the global fight against neglected tropical diseases through interventions in the Asia Pacific region. Adv Parasitol. 2010, 72: 31-53.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"811_CR2","volume-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthiases. Eliminating soil-transmitted helminthiases as a public health problem in children: Progress report 2001\u20132010 and strategic plan 2011\u20132020","author":"WHO","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO: Soil-transmitted helminthiases. Eliminating soil-transmitted helminthiases as a public health problem in children: Progress report 2001\u20132010 and strategic plan 2011\u20132020. 2012, Geneva: World Health Organisation"},{"key":"811_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60233-6","volume":"373","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hotez PJ, Fenwick A, Savioli L, Molyneux DH: Rescuing the bottom billion through control of neglected tropical diseases. Lancet. 2009, 373: 1570-1575. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60233-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"811_CR4","volume-title":"Preventive chemotheraphy in human helminthiasis. Coordinated use of anthelminthic drugs in control interventions: A manual for health professionals and programme managers","author":"WHO","year":"2006","unstructured":"WHO: Preventive chemotheraphy in human helminthiasis. Coordinated use of anthelminthic drugs in control interventions: A manual for health professionals and programme managers. 2006, Geneva: World Health Organisation"},{"key":"811_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-242","volume":"4","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Choy SH, Ithoi I, Al-Adhroey AH, Abdulsalam AM, Surin J: The burden of moderate-to-heavy soil-transmitted helminth infections among rural Malaysian aborigines: an urgent need for an integrated control programme. Parasit Vectors. 2011, 4: 242-10.1186\/1756-3305-4-242.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"811_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000063800","volume":"104","author":"C Nokes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nokes C, Grantham-McGregor SM, Sawyer A, Cooper ES, Robinson BA, Bundy DA: Moderate to heavy infections of Trichuris trichiura affect cognitive function in Jamaican school children. Parasitol. 1992, 104: 539-547. 10.1017\/S0031182000063800.","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"811_CR7","first-page":"188","volume":"14","author":"HMS Al-Mekhlafi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Mekhlafi HMS, Azlin M, NorAini U, Shaik A, Sa\u2019aih A, Fatmah A, Ismail MG, Ahmad Firdaus MS, Aisah MY, Rozlida AR, Moktar N: Malnutrition and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among Orang Asli children in Selangor, Malaysia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005, 14: 188-194.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"811_CR8","volume-title":"De-worming for health and development. Report of the third global meeting of the partners for parasite control","author":"WHO","year":"2005","unstructured":"WHO: De-worming for health and development. Report of the third global meeting of the partners for parasite control. 2005, Geneva: World Health Organisation"},{"key":"811_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.10.2527","volume":"130","author":"ML Dreyfuss","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dreyfuss ML, Stoltzfus RJ, Shrestha JB, Pradhan EK, LeClerq SC, Khatry SK, Shrestha SR, Katz J, Albonico M, West KP: Hookworms, malaria and vitamin A deficiency contribute to anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant women in the plains of Nepal. J Nutr. 2000, 130: 2527-2536.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"811_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01634-8","volume":"16","author":"H Guyatt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guyatt H: Do intestinal nematodes affect productivity in adulthood?. Parasitol Today. 2000, 16: 153-158. 10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01634-8.","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"811_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.121.1.73","volume":"122","author":"H Bleakley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bleakley H: Disease and development: evidence from hookworm eradication in the American South. Quart J Econom. 2007, 122: 73-117. 10.1162\/qjec.121.1.73.","journal-title":"Quart J Econom"},{"key":"811_CR12","first-page":"153","volume":"3","author":"M Kamel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kamel M, Ghafar Y, Foda N, Khashab S: Impact of type and stage of schistosomiasis on quality of life and productivity of infected workers. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2001, 3: 153-167.","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"811_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61422-7","volume":"375","author":"L Conteh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Conteh L, Engels T, Molyneux DH: Socioeconomic aspects of neglected tropical diseases. Lancet. 2010, 375: 239-247. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61422-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"811_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-234","volume":"4","author":"DH Molyneux","year":"2011","unstructured":"Molyneux DH, Malecela MN: Neglected tropical diseases and the millennium development goals: why the \u201cother diseases\u201d matter: reality versus rhetoric. Parasit Vectors. 2011, 4: 234-10.1186\/1756-3305-4-234.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"811_CR15","first-page":"68","volume":"36","author":"I Jamaiah","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jamaiah I, Rohela M: Prevalence of intestinal parasites among members of the public in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005, 36: 68-71.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"811_CR16","first-page":"998","volume":"38","author":"MS Al-Mekhlafi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Al-Mekhlafi MS, Atiya AS, Lim YA, Mahdy AK, Ariffin WA, Abdullah HC, Surin J: An unceasing problem: soil-transmitted helminthiases in rural Malaysian communities. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007, 38: 998-1007.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"811_CR17","first-page":"161","volume":"28","author":"M Norhayati","year":"1997","unstructured":"Norhayati M, Zainudin B, Mohammod C, Oothuman P, Azizi O, Fatmah MS: The prevalence of Trichuris, Ascaris and hookworm infection in Orang Asli children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1997, 28: 161-168.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"811_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90450-6","volume":"82","author":"DAP Bundy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bundy DAP, Kan SP, Rose R: Age-related prevalence, intensity and frequency distribution of gastrointestinal helminth infection in urban slum children from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988, 82: 289-294. 10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90450-6.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"811_CR19","first-page":"99","volume":"46","author":"FL Dunn","year":"1972","unstructured":"Dunn FL: Intestinal parasitism in Malayan aborigines (Orang Asli). Bull World Health Organ. 1972, 46: 99-113.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"811_CR20","first-page":"113","volume":"3","author":"PF Russell","year":"1928","unstructured":"Russell PF: Nematodes in man in the straits settlements: A preliminary report. Medical J Malaysia. 1928, 3: 113-123.","journal-title":"Medical J Malaysia"},{"key":"811_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-28","volume":"6","author":"NA Nasr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nasr NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Roslan MA, Bulgiba A: Towards an effective control programme of soil-transmitted helminth infections among Orang Asli in rural Malaysia. Part 2: Knowledge, attitude, and practices. Parasit Vectors. 2013, 6: 28-10.1186\/1756-3305-6-28.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"811_CR22","volume-title":"Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries","author":"M Cheesbrough","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cheesbrough M: Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries. 1992, Cambridge: ELBS"},{"key":"811_CR23","volume-title":"Prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections: prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Technical report series: 912","author":"WHO","year":"2002","unstructured":"WHO: Prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections: prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Technical report series: 912. 2002, Geneva: World Health Organisation"},{"key":"811_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.501","volume":"51","author":"L Jozefzoon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jozefzoon L, Oostburg B: Detection of hookworm and hookworm-like larvae in human fecocultures in Suriname. Am J Trop Med Hygiene. 1994, 51: 501-505.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene"},{"key":"811_CR25","first-page":"46","volume":"72","author":"RB Bendel","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bendel RB, Afifi AA: Comparison of stopping rules in forward \u201cstepwise\u201d regression. J Am Stat Assoc. 1977, 72: 46-53.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"811_CR26","first-page":"296","volume":"58","author":"M Norhayati","year":"2003","unstructured":"Norhayati M, Fatmah MS, Yusof S, Edariah AB: Intestinal parasitic infections in man: A review. Med J Malaysia. 2003, 58: 296-305.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"811_CR27","first-page":"205","volume":"39","author":"MY Azian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Azian MY, Sakhone L, Hakim SL, Yusri MY, Nurulsyamzawaty Y, Zuhaizam AH, Mohd Rodi I, Maslawaty MN: Detection of helminth infections in dogs and soil contamination in rural and urban areas. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Health. 2008, 39: 205-212.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Health"},{"key":"811_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e974","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000974","volume":"5","author":"R Ngui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ngui R, Ishak S, Chuen CS, Mahmud R, Lim YAL: Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitism in rural and remote West Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011, 5: e974-10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000974.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"811_CR29","first-page":"264","volume":"34","author":"N Tomono","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tomono N, Anantaphruti MT, Jongsuksuntigul P, Thongthien P, Leerapan P, Silapharatsamee Y, Kojima S, Looareesuwan S: Risk factors of helminthiases among schoolchildren in southern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2003, 34: 264-268.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"811_CR30","first-page":"260","volume":"35","author":"MT Anantaphruti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anantaphruti MT, Waikagul J, Maipanich W, Nuamtanong S, Pubampen S: Soil-transmitted helminthiases and health behaviors among schoolchildren and community members in a west-central border area of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004, 35: 260-266.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"811_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-50","volume":"5","author":"P Yap","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yap P, Du ZW, Chen R, Zhang LP, Wu FW, Wang J, Wang XZ, Zhou H, Zhou XN, Utzinger J, Steinmann P: Soil-transmitted helminth infections and physical fitness in school-aged Bulang children in southwest China: results from a cross-sectional survey. Parasit Vectors. 2012, 5: 50-10.1186\/1756-3305-5-50.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"811_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1086\/657310","volume":"51","author":"S Knopp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knopp S, Mohammed KA, Speich B, Hattendorf J, Khamis IS, Khamis AN, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, Marti H, Utzinger J: Albendazole and mebendazole administered alone or in combination with ivermectin against Trichuris trichiura: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2010, 51: 1420-1428. 10.1086\/657310.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"811_CR33","first-page":"563","volume":"28","author":"M Norhayati","year":"1998","unstructured":"Norhayati M, Oothuman P, Azizi O, Fatmah MS: Efficacy of single dose albendazole on the prevalence and intensity of infection of soil-transmitted helminthes in Orang Asli children in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Health. 1998, 28: 563-569.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Health"},{"key":"811_CR34","first-page":"408","volume":"53","author":"M Penggabean","year":"1998","unstructured":"Penggabean M, Oothuman P, Fatmah M: Efficacy of albendazole in the treatment of Trichuris trichuria and Giardia intestinalis infection in rural Malay communities. Medical J Malaysia. 1998, 53: 408-412.","journal-title":"Medical J Malaysia"},{"key":"811_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4","volume":"367","author":"J Bethony","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ: Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet. 2006, 367: 1521-1532. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"811_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(91)90003-3","volume":"50","author":"K Hanjeet","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hanjeet K, Mathias R: The efficacy of treatment with albendazole. Acta Trop. 1991, 50: 111-114. 10.1016\/0001-706X(91)90003-3.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"811_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.384","volume":"72","author":"E Saathoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saathoff E, Olsen A, Sharp B, Kvalsvig JD, Appleton CC, Kleinschmidt I: Ecologic covariates of hookworm infection and re-infection in rural Kwazulu-Natal\/South Africa: A geographic information system\u2013based study. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2005, 72: 384-391.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"key":"811_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90348-4","volume":"10","author":"C Nokes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nokes C, Bundy D: Does helminth infection affect mental processing and educational achievement?. Parasitol Today. 1994, 10: 14-18. 10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90348-4.","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"811_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201100237X","volume":"139","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi H, Azam M, Ithoi I, Al-Adhroey A, Abdulsalam A, Surin J: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis: a critical but neglected factor influencing school participation of Aboriginal children in rural Malaysia. Parasitol. 2012, 139: 802-808. 10.1017\/S003118201100237X.","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"811_CR40","first-page":"724","volume":"16","author":"U Nor Aini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nor Aini U, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Azlin M, Shaik A, Sa\u2019iah A, Fatmah MS, Ismail MG, Ahmad Firdaus MS, Aisah MY, Rozlida AR, Moktar N: Serum Iron Status in Orang Asli children living in endemic areas of soil-transmitted helminthes. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007, 16: 724-730.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"811_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0371","volume":"83","author":"HM Al-Mekhlafi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Mekhlafi HM, Surin J, Sallam AA, Abdullah AW, Mahdy MAK: Giardiasis and poor vitamin A status among aboriginal school children in rural Malaysia. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2010, 83: 523-527. 10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0371.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"key":"811_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)62007-6","volume":"62","author":"S Brooker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brooker S, Clements ACA, Bundy DAP: Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections. Adv Parasitol. 2006, 62: 221-261.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"811_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.04.004","volume":"91","author":"S Naish","year":"2004","unstructured":"Naish S, McCarthy J, Williams G: Prevalence, intensity and risk factors for soil-transmitted helminth infection in a South Indian fishing village. Acta Trop. 2004, 91: 177-187. 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.04.004.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"811_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01380.x","volume":"10","author":"AI Luoba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Luoba AI, Wenzel GP, Estambale B, Ouma JH, Alusala D, Ayah R, Mwaniki D, Magnussen P, Friis H: Earth-eating and re-infection with intestinal helminths among pregnant and lactating women in western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health. 2005, 10: 220-227. 10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01380.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"811_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-225","volume":"6","author":"L Quihui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Quihui L, Valencia ME, Crompton DWT, Phillips S, Hagan P, Morales G, Diaz-Camacho SP: Role of the employment status and education of mothers in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Mexican rural schoolchildren. BMC Publ Health. 2006, 6: 225-10.1186\/1471-2458-6-225.","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"key":"811_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-21","volume":"10","author":"Y Belyhun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Belyhun Y, Medhin G, Amberbir A, Erko B, Hanlon C: Prevalence and risk factors for soil-transmitted helminths infection in mothers and their infants in Butajira, Ethiopia: A population based study. BMC Publ Health. 2010, 10: 21-10.1186\/1471-2458-10-21.","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"key":"811_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.08.003","volume":"103","author":"IH Fung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fung IH, Cairncross S: Ascariasis and handwashing. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009, 103: 215-222. 10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.08.003.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"811_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90448-8","volume":"82","author":"J Forrester","year":"1988","unstructured":"Forrester J, Scott M, Bundy D, Golden M: Clustering of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections within households. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988, 82: 282-288. 10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90448-8.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"811_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.07.003","volume":"42","author":"TS Anuar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anuar TS, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ghani MK, Osman E, Yasin AM, Nordin A, Azreen SN, Salleh FM, Ghazali N, Bernadus M, Moktar N: Giardiasis among different tribes of Orang Asli in Malaysia: Highlighting the presence of other family members infected with Giardia intestinalis as a main risk factor. Int J Parasitol. 2012, 42: 871-880. 10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.07.003.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"811_CR50","first-page":"343","volume":"81","author":"M Albonico","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albonico M, Bickle Q, Ramsan M, Montresor A, Savioli L, Taylor M: Efficacy of mebendazole and levamisole alone or in combination against intestinal nematode infections after repeated targeted mebendazole treatment in Zanzibar. Bull World Health Organ. 2003, 81: 343-352.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"811_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.05.022","volume":"107","author":"M Hesham Al-Mekhlafi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hesham Al-Mekhlafi M, Surin J, Atiya AS, Ariffin WAW, Mahdy AKM, Abdullah HC: Pattern and predictors of soil-transmitted helminth re-infection among aboriginal school children in rural peninsular Malaysia. Acta Trop. 2008, 107: 200-204. 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.05.022.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-6-27.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T21:58:59Z","timestamp":1630533539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-6-27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-6-27","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 January 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"27"}}