{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:46:38Z","timestamp":1789634798751,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the present study we studied and updated the prevalence of the infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic> in grazing sheep in the northwest (NW) of Spain for the last six years (2006\u20132011), and its relationship with the current climatic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We analyzed faecal samples from 110 flocks located in four different provinces of the Autonomous Community of Castilla y Le\u00f3n: 76.4% of them were situated in Le\u00f3n, 12.7% in Zamora, 9.1% in Palencia and 1.8% in Valladolid.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of GIN was 100% and the mean of eggs per gram (epg) in faeces was 237.2 (\u00b1 375.9) per flock. Regarding climatic conditions, we found a direct relationship between the GIN infection level and the maximum humidity (p&lt;0.05) but inverse with the degree of solar radiation (p&lt;0.05). The prevalence of fasciolosis was 59.3%, with a mean epg of 17.5 (\u00b1 33.9) per flock; these values were correlated with the minimum humidity and precipitations (p&lt;0.05). Comparing our results in Le\u00f3n with previous studies during the early 1990s, the mean epg of GIN was increased slightly (134.3 epg); regarding fasciolosis, the prevalence rose significantly, from 26.7% to 60.5%. Since the 1990s we observed that the maximum temperature is nowadays 0.45\u00b0C higher (17.0\u00b0C) and the minimum 0.5\u00b0C lower (5.2\u00b0C); the rainfall values were very similar in both decades but at the present time the humidity is higher (75.9%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found that the prevalence of GIN and <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> infections was directly influenced by the humidity and also by precipitations in the case of <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>. Comparing the current prevalence with studies carried out in the same area for the early 1990s, we observed that nowadays the mean epg of GIN is higher with a possible cause being the differences in climatic conditions depending on the sampling year. Regarding <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> infection, its prevalence rose significantly probably favoured by an increase in irrigated areas in the area of study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]],"date-time":"2013-09-27T01:14:17Z","timestamp":1380244457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasciola hepatica in sheep in the northwest of Spain: relation to climatic conditions and\/or man-made environmental modifications"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Valladares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Robles-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Manuel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coral","family":"Cordero-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma del Rosario","family":"Famularo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9lida","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camino","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Casta\u00f1\u00f3n-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco A","family":"Rojo-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1060_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.08.006","volume":"158","author":"J Van Dijk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Dijk J, David GP, Baird G, Morgan ER: Back to the future: developing hypotheses on the effects of climate change on ovine parasitic gastroenteritis from historical data. 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