{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:18:31Z","timestamp":1794025111588,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic> L. complex mosquitoes have a global distribution and are primary vectors of pathogens of public health significance. In the U.S., <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic> bioformes, <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic> form pipiens and <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic> form molestus, as well as <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>, are primary vectors of <jats:italic>West Nile virus<\/jats:italic> (WNV; <jats:italic>Flaviviridae, Flavivirus<\/jats:italic>). These mosquitoes reside in distinct but overlapping ecological niches and readily hybridize in areas where they coexist. Although species and population-specific differences in vector competence of <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes for WNV have been identified, the extent to which hybridization within this complex alters WNV transmission potential has not been well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>WNV vector competence of laboratory colonies of <jats:italic>Cx. p.<\/jats:italic> f. pipiens<jats:italic>, Cx. p.<\/jats:italic> f. molestus, and <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> was assessed and compared to hybrid populations created from reciprocal mating of these lines. The results demonstrate that hybridization has a significant effect on WNV infection, dissemination, and, particularly, transmission in <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic> L. complex mosquitoes. Specifically, enhanced transmission of WNV was measured in all hybrid populations relative to one or both parental stains.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that environmental or anthropogenic changes resulting in fluctuations in the distribution and extent of hybrid populations of <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes could have a significant impact on transmission patterns of WNV in nature.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T11:18:31Z","timestamp":1382527111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["The effect of hybridization of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes on transmission of West Nile virus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alexander T","family":"Ciota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela A","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1092_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.08.013","volume":"11","author":"A Farajollahi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farajollahi A, Fonseca DM, Kramer LD, Marm KA: \u201cBird biting\u201d mosquitoes and human disease: a review of the role of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in epidemiology. 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