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In studies of avian malaria, the natural history of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> parasites with their natural mosquito vectors, however, is mostly unknown.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using artificial water containers placed in the field, we monitored the relative abundance of parous females of <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes during two years (2010\u20132011), in a population in western Switzerland. Additionally, we used molecular tools to examine changes in avian malaria prevalence and <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> lineage composition in female <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pipiens<\/jats:italic> caught throughout one field season (April-August) in 2011.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pipiens<\/jats:italic> relative abundance varied both between years and months, and was associated with temperature fluctuations. Total <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> prevalence was high and increased from spring to summer months (13.1-20.3%). The <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> community was composed of seven different lineages including <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>relictum<\/jats:italic> (SGS1, GRW11 and PADOM02 lineages), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vaughani<\/jats:italic> (lineage SYAT05) and other <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp. (AFTRU5, PADOM1, COLL1). The most prevalent lineages, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vaughani<\/jats:italic> (lineage SYAT05) and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>relictum<\/jats:italic> (lineage SGS1), were consistently found between years, although they had antagonistic dominance patterns during the season survey.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results suggest that the time window of analysis is critical in evaluating changes in the community of avian malaria lineages infecting mosquitoes. The potential determinants of the observed changes as well as their implications for future prospects on avian malaria are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]],"date-time":"2013-10-25T13:31:26Z","timestamp":1382707886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Temporal changes in mosquito abundance (Culex pipiens), avian malaria prevalence and lineage composition"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Lalubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Del\u00e9devant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Glaizot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Christe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1746_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00879.x","volume":"9","author":"S Altizer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Altizer S, Dobson A, Hosseini P, Hudson P, Pascual M, Rohani P: Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases. 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