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To identify candidate compounds, <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> drug sensitivity testing currently relies on the adult <jats:italic>Trichuris muris<\/jats:italic> motility assay. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and cost-effective drug sensitivity assay using <jats:italic>Trichuris muris<\/jats:italic> first-stage larvae (L1).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Several potential triggers that induce hatching of <jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic> were studied, including gastrointestinal enzymes, acidic environment and intestinal microflora. Next, optimal culture conditions for <jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic> L1 were determined assessing a wide range of culture media. <jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic> L1 were incubated in the presence of mebendazole, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, levamisole or oxantel pamoate at 37\u00b0C. The viability of the parasites was evaluated microscopically after 24\u00a0hours. The usefulness of fluorescent markers (resazurin, calcein AM, ethidium homodimer-1 or fluorescein-conjugated albumin) in drug sensitivity testing was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The established L1 motility assay provided accurate and reproducible drug effect data <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic> IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values for oxantel pamoate, levamisole and nitazoxanide were 0.05, 1.75 and 4.43\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, respectively. Mebendazole and ivermectin failed to show any trichuricidal effect on L1. No correlation was found between data from the four fluorescent markers and the comparative motility assay.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The motility assay based on L1 was found suitable for drug sensitivity screening. It is rather simple, cost-effective, time-saving and sustains medium-throughput testing. Furthermore, it greatly reduces the need for the animal host and is therefore more ethical. None of the viability markers assessed in this study were found to be satisfactory.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]],"date-time":"2013-02-22T11:50:26Z","timestamp":1361533826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Development of an in vitro drug sensitivity assay for Trichuris muris first-stage larvae"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Wimmersberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucienne","family":"Tritten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"844_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4","volume":"367","author":"J Bethony","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ: Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. 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