{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:16:39Z","timestamp":1792199799229,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Considering the increasing importance of small animals travel medicine and the spread of filariae with zoonotic potential to non-endemic European areas, routine filarial diagnosis in dogs is becoming important.\n                      <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. reconditum<\/jats:italic>\n                      are the most common canine filarial nematodes presenting blood circulating microfilariae (mf) which can be differentiated to species level by the acid phosphatase activity patterns or by PCR. Available data on the size of the mf vary considerably in the literature. The aim of this study was to validate morphometric criteria for filarial identification in blood samples of dogs after concentration of mf with the modified Knott\u2019s technique.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Morphometric analysis of 10 mf from samples identified to species level by acid phosphatase activity and partially confirmed by PCR were performed with specimens from 377 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean length and width of\n                      <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      mf from 60 dogs were 301.77\u00b16.29\u00a0\u03bcm and 6.30\u00b10.26\u00a0\u03bcm, of\n                      <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic>\n                      mf from 171 dogs 369.44\u00b110.76\u00a0\u03bcm 8.87\u00b10.58\u00a0\u03bcm, of\n                      <jats:italic>A. dracunculoides<\/jats:italic>\n                      mf from 133 dogs 259.43\u00b16.69\u00a0\u03bcm and 5.09\u00b10.47\u00a0\u03bcm and of\n                      <jats:italic>A. reconditum<\/jats:italic>\n                      mf from 13 dogs 264.83\u00b15.47\u00a0\u03bcm and 4.63\u00b10.52\u00a0\u03bcm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>For a subset of 30 samples, morphometric analysis was repeated with identical results in two laboratories. Furthermore, the size of mf concentrated and fixed by the Knott\u2019s technique was shown to be stable over 105\u00a0days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Knott\u2019s test enables to clearly distinguish between\n                      <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Acanthocheilonema<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. However, due to the overlapping size ranges of\n                      <jats:italic>A. dracunculoides<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. reconditum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , biochemical or molecular methods are required to distinguish these two species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-48","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,25]],"date-time":"2013-02-25T18:14:15Z","timestamp":1361816055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Morphometric analyses of canine blood microfilariae isolated by the Knott\u2019s test enables Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens species-specific and Acanthocheilonema (syn. 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