{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:54:54Z","timestamp":1791251694925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. has a worldwide distribution and is often the most common human intestinal protozoan reported in children and adults in developing countries. The clinical relevance of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. remains controversial. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection and its association with gastrointestinal symptoms among outpatients in Sebha city, Libya.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 380 stool samples were collected from outpatients attending the Central Laboratory in Sebha, Libya for routine stool examination. The presence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. was screened comparing light microscopy of direct smears against in vitro cultivation. Demographic and socioeconomic information were collected with a standardized questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection was 22.1%. The prevalence was significantly higher among patients aged \u226518\u2009years compared to those aged\u2009&lt;\u200918\u2009years (29.4% vs 9.9%; <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\n                <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200919.746; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and in males compared to females (26.4% vs 17.5%; <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\n                <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20094.374; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036). Univariate analysis showed significant associations between <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection and the occupational status (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017), family size (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023) and educational level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042) of the participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that the age of\u2009\u2265\u200918\u2009years (OR\u2009=\u20095.7; 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.21; 9.86) and occupational status (OR\u2009=\u20092.2; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.02, 4.70) as significant predictors of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection among this population. In those who had only <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection but no other gastrointestinal parasitic infections, the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms was higher compared to those without <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> infection (35.3% vs 13.2%; <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>\n                <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200925.8; <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20090.001). The most common symptoms among these patients were abdominal pain (76.4%), flatulence (41.1%) and diarrhoea (21.5%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. is prevalent and associated with gastrointestinal symptoms among communities in Sebha city, Libya. Age and occupational status were the significant predictors of infection. However, more studies from different areas in Libya are needed in order to delineate the epidemiology and clinical significance of this infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-86","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T10:16:22Z","timestamp":1365416182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Prevalence, predictors and clinical significance of Blastocystis sp. in Sebha, Libya"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Awatif M","family":"Abdulsalam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Init","family":"Ithoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham M","family":"Al-Mekhlafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Hafeez","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulhamid","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johari","family":"Surin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Wah","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1992.11812642","volume":"86","author":"R Ashford","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ashford R, Atkinson E: Epidemiology of Blastocystis hominis infection in Papua New Guinea: age-prevalence and association with other parasites. 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