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Antibody titers to<jats:italic>B. vinsonii<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>berkhoffii<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Bvb<\/jats:italic>) genotypes I-III,<jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Bh<\/jats:italic>) and<jats:italic>B. koehlerae<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Bk<\/jats:italic>) were determined using an IFA test. Management of the medical problems reported by these patients was provided by their respective physicians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this investigation, immediately prior to the onset of symptoms two children in a family experienced puncture-like skin lesions after exposure to and presumptive bites from woodlouse hunter spiders. Shortly thereafter, the mother and both children developed hive-like lesions. Over the ensuing months, the youngest son was diagnosed with Guillain-Barre (GBS) syndrome followed by Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). The older son developed intermittent disorientation and irritability, and the mother experienced fatigue, headaches, joint pain and memory loss. When tested approximately three years after the woodlouse hunter spider infestation, all three family members were<jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>seroreactive and<jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>DNA was amplified and sequenced from blood, serum or<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>alpha-proteobacteria (BAPGM) enrichment blood cultures from the mother and oldest son. Also,<jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>DNA was PCR amplified and sequenced from a woodlouse and from woodlouse hunter spiders collected adjacent to the family\u2019s home.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although it was not possible to determine whether the family\u2019s<jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>infections were acquired by spider bites or whether the spiders and woodlice were merely accidental hosts, physicians should consider the possibility that<jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>represents an antecedent infection for GBS, CIDP, and non-specific neurocognitive abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-98","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T10:22:47Z","timestamp":1366021367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Bartonella henselae infection in a family experiencing neurological and neurocognitive abnormalities after woodlouse hunter spider bites"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Patricia E","family":"Mascarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo G","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B Robert","family":"Mozayeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea L","family":"Trull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara C","family":"Hegarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward B","family":"Breitschwerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009011","volume":"40","author":"BB Chomel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chomel BB, Boulouis HJ, Breitschwerdt EB, Kasten RW, Vayssier-Taussat M, Birtles RJ, Koehler JE, Dehio C: Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation of Bartonella species to their hosts and vectors. 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