{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:24:55Z","timestamp":1789989895751,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T11:01:13Z","timestamp":1411470073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants from four Caribbean islands"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Clare M","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Katzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A","family":"Innes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1617_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x","volume":"55","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dubey JP: The history of Toxoplasma gondii\u2013the first 100\u00a0years. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2008, 55 (6): 467-475. 10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x.","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1617_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.267","volume":"11","author":"JP Dubey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Lindsay DS, Speer CA: Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998, 11 (2): 267-299.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1617_CR3","first-page":"387","volume":"198","author":"A Diakoua","year":"2013","unstructured":"Diakoua A, Papadopoulos E, Panousis N, Karatzias C, Giadinis N: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy sheep and goats mixed stock farming. Vet Parasitol. 2013, 198 (3\u20134): 387-390.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1617_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01276.x","volume":"57","author":"EA Innes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Innes EA: A brief history and overview of Toxoplasma gondii. Zoonoses Public Health. 2010, 57 (1): 1-7. 10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01276.x.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1617_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.16.2.1039","volume":"16","author":"S Vokaty","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vokaty S, Torres JG: Meat from small ruminants and public health in the Caribbean. Rev Sci Tech. 1997, 16 (2): 426-432.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"1617_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.018","volume":"164","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubey JP: Toxoplasmosis in pigs\u2013the last 20\u00a0years. Vet Parasitol. 2009, 164 (2\u20134): 89-103.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1617_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.02.026","volume":"163","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubey JP: Toxoplasmosis in sheep\u2013the last 20\u00a0years. Vet Parasitol. 2009, 163 (1\u20132): 1-14.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"12\u201313","key":"1617_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","volume":"30","author":"AM Tenter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM: Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol. 2000, 30 (12\u201313): 1217-1258.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1617_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.9541","volume":"49","author":"AA Adesiyun","year":"1996","unstructured":"Adesiyun AA, Cazabon EP: Seroprevalences of brucellosis, Q-fever and toxoplasmosis in slaughter livestock in Trinidad. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop. 1996, 49 (1): 28-30.","journal-title":"Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"1617_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2811.1","volume":"97","author":"A Chikweto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chikweto A, Kumthekar S, Tiwari K, Nyack B, Deokar MS, Stratton G, Macpherson CN, Sharma RN, Dubey JP: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle from Grenada and Carriacou, West Indies. J Parasitol. 2011, 97 (5): 950-951. 10.1645\/GE-2811.1.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1617_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2552.1","volume":"96","author":"P Kelly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kelly P, Lucas H, Beati L, Yowell C, Mahan S, Dame J: Rickettsia africae in Amblyomma variegatum and domestic ruminants on eight Caribbean islands. J Parasitol. 2010, 96 (6): 1086-1088. 10.1645\/GE-2552.1.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1617_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10172","volume":"48","author":"PJ Kelly","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kelly PJ, Lucas H, Yowell C, Beati L, Dame J, Urdaz-Rodriguez J, Mahan S: Ehrlichia ruminantium in Amblyomma variegatum and domestic ruminants in the Caribbean. J Med Entomol. 2011, 48 (2): 485-488. 10.1603\/ME10172.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1617_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(88)90021-7","volume":"98","author":"D Buxton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Buxton D, Blewett DA, Trees AJ, McColgan C, Finlayson J: Further studies in the use of monensin in the control of experimental ovine toxoplasmosis. J Comp Pathol. 1988, 98 (2): 225-236. 10.1016\/0021-9975(88)90021-7.","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1617_CR14","first-page":"239","volume":"49","author":"HP Hughes","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hughes HP, Van Knapen F, Atkinson HJ, Balfour AH, Lee DL: A new soluble antigen preparation of Toxoplasma gondii and its use in serological diagnosis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1982, 49 (1): 239-246.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"1617_CR15","unstructured":"Katzer F, Canton G, Burrells A, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Horton B, Bartley PM, Pang Y, Chianini F, Innes EA, Benavidas J: Immunization of lambs with the S48 strain of Toxoplasma gondii reduces tissue cyst burden following oral challenge with a complete strain of the parasite. Vet Parasitol. In Press"},{"issue":"2","key":"1617_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.2.388-396.2001","volume":"8","author":"SM Semu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Semu SM, Peter TF, Mukwedeya D, Barbet AF, Jongejan F, Mahan SM: Antibody responses to MAP 1B and other Cowdria ruminantium antigens are down regulated in cattle challenged with tick-transmitted heartwater. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001, 8 (2): 388-396.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1617_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2307\/3282630","volume":"76","author":"S Patton","year":"1990","unstructured":"Patton S, Johnson SS, Puckett K: Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in nine populations of dairy goats: compared titers using modified direct agglutination and indirect hemagglutination. J Parasitol. 1990, 76 (1): 74-77. 10.2307\/3282630.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1617_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(90)90047-L","volume":"10","author":"Z Garcia-Vazquez","year":"1990","unstructured":"Garcia-Vazquez Z, Rosario-Cruz R, Solorzano-Salgado M: Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in 3 states of Mexico. Prev Vet Med. 1990, 10 (1\u20132): 25-29.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"1617_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-427","volume":"7","author":"WA Canon-Franco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Canon-Franco WA, Lopez-Orozco N, Gomez-Marin J, Dubey JP: An overview of seventy years of research (1944\u20132014) on toxoplasmosis in Colombia, South America. Parasit Vectors. 2014, 7: 427-10.1186\/1756-3305-7-427.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1617_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.001","volume":"193","author":"AP Lopes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lopes AP, Dubey JP, Neto F, Rodrigues A, Martins T, Rodrigues M, Cardoso L: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from the North of Portugal for human consumption. Vet Parasitol. 2013, 193 (1\u20133): 266-269.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"1617_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-121","volume":"42","author":"F Katzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katzer F, Brulisauer F, Collantes-Fernandez E, Bartley PM, Burrells A, Gunn G, Maley SW, Cousens C, Innes EA: Increased Toxoplasma gondii positivity relative to age in 125 Scottish sheep flocks; evidence of frequent acquired infection. Vet Res. 2011, 42: 121-10.1186\/1297-9716-42-121.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1617_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2114.1","volume":"95","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Lappin MR, Kwok OC, Mofya S, Chikweto A, Baffa A, Doherty D, Shakeri J, Macpherson CN, Sharma RN: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and concurrent Bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline leukemia virus infections in cats from Grenada, West Indies. J Parasitol. 2009, 95 (5): 1129-1133. 10.1645\/GE-2114.1.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1617_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1195R.1","volume":"93","author":"L Moura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moura L, Kelly P, Krecek RC, Dubey JP: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats from St. Kitts, West Indies. J Parasitol. 2007, 93 (4): 952-953. 10.1645\/GE-1195R.1.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1617_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009006015","volume":"136","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Moura L, Majumdar D, Sundar N, Velmurugan GV, Kwok OC, Kelly P, Krecek RC, Su C: Isolation and characterization of viable Toxoplasma gondii isolates revealed possible high frequency of mixed infection in feral cats (Felis domesticus) from St Kitts, West Indies. Parasitology. 2009, 136 (6): 589-594. 10.1017\/S0031182009006015.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1617_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-463R","volume":"91","author":"JR Dubey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dubey JR, Bhaiyat MI, de Allie C, Macpherson CN, Sharma RN, Sreekumar C, Vianna MC, Shen SK, Kwok OC, Miska KB, Hill DE, Lehmann T: Isolation, tissue distribution, and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from chickens in Grenada, West Indies. J Parasitol. 2005, 91 (3): 557-560. 10.1645\/GE-463R.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"1617_CR26","unstructured":"FAO Statistical Yearbook 2014: Latin America and the Caribbean Food and Agriculture. 2014, Santiago: FAO, 2014-"},{"issue":"4","key":"1617_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0790:EOAASO]2.0.CO;2","volume":"88","author":"KE Kniel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kniel KE, Lindsay DS, Sumner SS, Hackney CR, Pierson MD, Dubey JP: Examination of attachment and survival of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on raspberries and blueberries. J Parasitol. 2002, 88 (4): 790-793. 10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0790:EOAASO]2.0.CO;2.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"9072","key":"1617_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11105-3","volume":"350","author":"WR Bowie","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bowie WR, King AS, Werker DH, Isaac-Renton JL, Bell A, Eng SB, Marion SA: Outbreak of toxoplasmosis associated with municipal drinking water, the BC Toxoplasma Investigation Team. Lancet. 1997, 350 (9072): 173-177. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11105-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1617_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00931.x","volume":"53","author":"G Borde","year":"2006","unstructured":"Borde G, Lowhar G, Adesiyun AA: Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus in caprine abortions in Tobago: a sero-epidemiological study. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2006, 53 (4): 188-193. 10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00931.x.","journal-title":"J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health"}],"container-title":["Parasites & Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-3305-7-449.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T07:00:02Z","timestamp":1630566002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-3305-7-449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-7-449","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"449"}}