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We investigated this question at unitary glutamatergic synapses on cortical GABAergic neurons, especially the quantitative influences of release probability on synapse dynamics and neuronal encoding. Glutamate release probability and synaptic strength are proportionally upregulated by presynaptic sequential spikes. The upregulation of release probability and the efficiency of probability-driven synaptic facilitation are strengthened by elevating presynaptic spike frequency and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. The upregulation of release probability improves spike capacity and timing precision at postsynaptic neuron. These results suggest that the upregulation of presynaptic glutamate release facilitates a conversion of synaptic analogue signals into digital spikes in postsynaptic neurons, i.e., a functional compatibility between presynaptic and postsynaptic partners.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-5-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T12:15:17Z","timestamp":1343823317000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Upregulation of transmitter release probability improves a conversion of synaptic analogue signals into neuronal digital spikes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"170_CR1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Principles of Neural Science","author":"ER Kandel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kandel ER, Siegelbaum SA, Schwartz JH: Elementary interactions between neurons: Synaptic transmission. 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