{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:25:53Z","timestamp":1793172353072,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Brain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Glutamate is the major transmitter that mediates the principal form of excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. It has been well established that glutamate is released via Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-dependent exocytosis of glutamate-containing vesicles in neurons. However, whether astrocytes exocytose to release glutamate under physiological condition is still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We report a novel form of glutamate release in astrocytes via the recently characterized Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-activated anion channel, Bestrophin-1 (Best1) by Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> dependent mechanism through the channel pore. We demonstrate that upon activation of protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1), an increase in intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration leads to an opening of Best1 channels and subsequent release of glutamate in cultured astrocytes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results provide strong molecular evidence for potential astrocyte-neuron interaction via Best1-mediated glutamate release.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-5-38","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,12]],"date-time":"2012-10-12T16:14:06Z","timestamp":1350058446000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Protease activated receptor 1-induced glutamate release in cultured astrocytes is mediated by Bestrophin-1 channel but not by vesicular exocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Soo-Jin","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Seok","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyungju","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong ho","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Yun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F","family":"Traynelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Justin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"181_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1703","volume":"9","author":"X Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang X, Lou N, Xu Q, Tian GF, Peng WG, Han X, Kang J, Takano T, Nedergaard M: Astrocytic Ca2+ signaling evoked by sensory stimulation in vivo. Nat Neurosci. 2006, 9 (6): 816-823. 10.1038\/nn1703.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"181_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00049.2005","volume":"86","author":"PG Haydon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haydon PG, Carmignoto G: Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling. Physiol Rev. 2006, 86 (3): 1009-1031. 10.1152\/physrev.00049.2005.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"181_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.12.005","volume":"13","author":"MM Halassa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Halassa MM, Fellin T, Haydon PG: The tripartite synapse: roles for gliotransmission in health and disease. Trends Mol Med. 2007, 13 (2): 54-63. 10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.12.005.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"5745","key":"181_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116916","volume":"310","author":"O Pascual","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pascual O, Casper KB, Kubera C, Zhang J, Revilla-Sanchez R, Sul JY, Takano H, Moss SJ, McCarthy K, Haydon PG: Astrocytic purinergic signaling coordinates synaptic networks. Science. 2005, 310 (5745): 113-116. 10.1126\/science.1116916.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"181_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1722","volume":"6","author":"A Volterra","year":"2005","unstructured":"Volterra A, Meldolesi J: Astrocytes, from brain glue to communication elements: the revolution continues. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005, 6 (8): 626-640. 10.1038\/nrn1722.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"5841","key":"181_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1144640","volume":"317","author":"G Perea","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perea G, Araque A: Astrocytes potentiate transmitter release at single hippocampal synapses. Science. 2007, 317 (5841): 1083-1086. 10.1126\/science.1144640.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"181_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.130377","volume":"581","author":"CJ Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee CJ, Mannaioni G, Yuan H, Woo DH, Gingrich MB, Traynelis SF: Astrocytic control of synaptic NMDA receptors. J Physiol. 2007, 581 (Pt 3): 1057-1081.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"181_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.051","volume":"125","author":"A Panatier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Panatier A, Theodosis DT, Mothet JP, Touquet B, Pollegioni L, Poulain DA, Oliet SH: Glia-derived D-serine controls NMDA receptor activity and synaptic memory. Cell. 2006, 125 (4): 775-784. 10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.051.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6483","key":"181_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/369744a0","volume":"369","author":"V Parpura","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parpura V, Basarsky TA, Liu F, Jeftinija K, Jeftinija S, Haydon PG: Glutamate-mediated astrocyte-neuron signalling. Nature. 1994, 369 (6483): 744-747. 10.1038\/369744a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"181_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn916","volume":"3","author":"M Nedergaard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nedergaard M, Takano T, Hansen AJ: Beyond the role of glutamate as a neurotransmitter. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002, 3 (9): 748-755. 10.1038\/nrn916.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"181_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20367","volume":"54","author":"V Montana","year":"2006","unstructured":"Montana V, Malarkey EB, Verderio C, Matteoli M, Parpura V: Vesicular transmitter release from astrocytes. Glia. 2006, 54 (7): 700-715. 10.1002\/glia.20367.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"4","key":"181_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2803","volume":"11","author":"NB Hamilton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamilton NB, Attwell D: Do astrocytes really exocytose neurotransmitters?. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010, 11 (4): 227-238. 10.1038\/nrn2803.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"181_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1849","volume":"10","author":"P Jourdain","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jourdain P, Bergersen LH, Bhaukaurally K, Bezzi P, Santello M, Domercq M, Matute C, Tonello F, Gundersen V, Volterra A: Glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes controls synaptic strength. Nat Neurosci. 2007, 10 (3): 331-339. 10.1038\/nn1849.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"181_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20423","volume":"54","author":"HK Kimelberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kimelberg HK, Macvicar BA, Sontheimer H: Anion channels in astrocytes: biophysics, pharmacology, and function. Glia. 2006, 54 (7): 747-757. 10.1002\/glia.20423.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"181_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10125","volume":"40","author":"W Walz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walz W: Chloride\/anion channels in glial cell membranes. Glia. 2002, 40 (1): 1-10. 10.1002\/glia.10125.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"45","key":"181_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506382102","volume":"102","author":"T Takano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takano T, Kang J, Jaiswal JK, Simon SM, Lin JH, Yu Y, Li Y, Yang J, Dienel G, Zielke HR, et al: Receptor-mediated glutamate release from volume sensitive channels in astrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005, 102 (45): 16466-16471. 10.1073\/pnas.0506382102.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"181_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00022.2007","volume":"88","author":"HC Hartzell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hartzell HC, Qu Z, Yu K, Xiao Q, Chien LT: Molecular physiology of bestrophins: multifunctional membrane proteins linked to best disease and other retinopathies. Physiol Rev. 2008, 88 (2): 639-672. 10.1152\/physrev.00022.2007.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"181_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.2306010","volume":"1","author":"J Eggermont","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eggermont J: Calcium-activated chloride channels: (un)known, (un)loved?. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2004, 1 (1): 22-27. 10.1513\/pats.2306010.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"181_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0245-z","volume":"454","author":"K Kunzelmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kunzelmann K, Milenkovic VM, Spitzner M, Soria RB, Schreiber R: Calcium-dependent chloride conductance in epithelia: is there a contribution by Bestrophin?. Pflugers Arch. 2007, 454 (6): 879-889. 10.1007\/s00424-007-0245-z.","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"4","key":"181_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200409031","volume":"123","author":"Z Qu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Qu Z, Fischmeister R, Hartzell C: Mouse bestrophin-2 is a bona fide Cl(-) channel: identification of a residue important in anion binding and conduction. J Gen Physiol. 2004, 123 (4): 327-340. 10.1085\/jgp.200409031.","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"181_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4008","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052692999","volume":"99","author":"H Sun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sun H, Tsunenari T, Yau KW, Nathans J: The vitelliform macular dystrophy protein defines a new family of chloride channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002, 99 (6): 4008-4013. 10.1073\/pnas.052692999.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"34","key":"181_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12929","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604505103","volume":"103","author":"S Pifferi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pifferi S, Pascarella G, Boccaccio A, Mazzatenta A, Gustincich S, Menini A, Zucchelli S: Bestrophin-2 is a candidate calcium-activated chloride channel involved in olfactory transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006, 103 (34): 12929-12934. 10.1073\/pnas.0604505103.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"23","key":"181_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12758","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.220402097","volume":"97","author":"AD Marmorstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marmorstein AD, Marmorstein LY, Rayborn M, Wang X, Hollyfield JG, Petrukhin K: Bestrophin, the product of the Best vitelliform macular dystrophy gene (VMD2), localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000, 97 (23): 12758-12763. 10.1073\/pnas.220402097.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"181_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200609581","volume":"128","author":"LT Chien","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chien LT, Zhang ZR, Hartzell HC: Single Cl- channels activated by Ca2+ in Drosophila S2 cells are mediated by bestrophins. J Gen Physiol. 2006, 128 (3): 247-259. 10.1085\/jgp.200609581.","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"41","key":"181_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13063","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3193-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"H Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park H, Oh SJ, Han KS, Woo DH, Mannaioni G, Traynelis SF, Lee CJ: Bestrophin-1 encodes for the Ca2\u2009+\u2009-activated anion channel in hippocampal astrocytes. J Neurosci. 2009, 29 (41): 13063-13073. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3193-09.2009.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6005","key":"181_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184334","volume":"330","author":"S Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee S, Yoon BE, Berglund K, Oh SJ, Park H, Shin HS, Augustine GJ, Lee CJ: Channel-mediated tonic GABA release from glia. Science. 2010, 330 (6005): 790-796. 10.1126\/science.1184334.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"181_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1139\/y97-110","volume":"75","author":"MD Hollenberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hollenberg MD, Saifeddine M, al-Ani B, Kawabata A: Proteinase-activated receptors: structural requirements for activity, receptor cross-reactivity, and receptor selectivity of receptor-activating peptides. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1997, 75 (7): 832-841. 10.1139\/y97-110.","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"181_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20513","volume":"55","author":"G Ramos-Mandujano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramos-Mandujano G, Vazquez-Juarez E, Hernandez-Benitez R, Pasantes-Morales H: Thrombin potently enhances swelling-sensitive glutamate efflux from cultured astrocytes. Glia. 2007, 55 (9): 917-925. 10.1002\/glia.20513.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"6","key":"181_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp583","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Stanton JB, Wu J, Yu K, Hartzell HC, Peachey NS, Marmorstein LY, Marmorstein AD: Suppression of Ca2+ signaling in a mouse model of Best disease. Hum Mol Genet. 2010, 19 (6): 1108-1118. 10.1093\/hmg\/ddp583.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"181_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712008105","volume":"105","author":"SA Hires","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hires SA, Zhu Y, Tsien RY: Optical measurement of synaptic glutamate spillover and reuptake by linker optimized glutamate-sensitive fluorescent reporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008, 105 (11): 4411-4416. 10.1073\/pnas.0712008105.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"15","key":"181_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5606","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408483102","volume":"102","author":"JP Mothet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mothet JP, Pollegioni L, Ouanounou G, Martineau M, Fossier P, Baux G: Glutamate receptor activation triggers a calcium-dependent and SNARE protein-dependent release of the gliotransmitter D-serine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005, 102 (15): 5606-5611. 10.1073\/pnas.0408483102.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"181_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00221.x","volume":"10","author":"A Araque","year":"1998","unstructured":"Araque A, Parpura V, Sanzgiri RP, Haydon PG: Glutamate-dependent astrocyte modulation of synaptic transmission between cultured hippocampal neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 1998, 10 (6): 2129-2142. 10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00221.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"181_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.06.005","volume":"52","author":"EB Malarkey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malarkey EB, Parpura V: Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes. Neurochem Int. 2008, 52 (1\u20132): 142-154.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"181_CR34","volume-title":"Neurochem Res","author":"BE Yoon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yoon BE, Woo J, Justin Lee C: Astrocytes as GABA-ergic and GABA-ceptive Cells. Neurochem Res. 2012, \u2009-[Epub ahead of print]"},{"issue":"5","key":"181_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200709795","volume":"130","author":"LT Chien","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chien LT, Hartzell HC: Drosophila bestrophin-1 chloride current is dually regulated by calcium and cell volume. J Gen Physiol. 2007, 130 (5): 513-524. 10.1085\/jgp.200709795.","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"181_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4582","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04582.2000","volume":"20","author":"MB Gingrich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gingrich MB, Junge CE, Lyuboslavsky P, Traynelis SF: Potentiation of NMDA receptor function by the serine protease thrombin. J Neurosci. 2000, 20 (12): 4582-4595.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"181_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-4-32","volume":"4","author":"KS Han","year":"2011","unstructured":"Han KS, Mannaioni G, Hamill CE, Lee J, Junge CE, Lee CJ, Traynelis SF: Activation of protease activated receptor 1 increases the excitability of the dentate granule neurons of hippocampus. Mol Brain. 2011, 4: 32-10.1186\/1756-6606-4-32.","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"181_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.02.018","volume":"188","author":"CE Junge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Junge CE, Lee CJ, Hubbard KB, Zhang Z, Olson JJ, Hepler JR, Brat DJ, Traynelis SF: Protease-activated receptor-1 in human brain: localization and functional expression in astrocytes. Exp Neurol. 2004, 188 (1): 94-103. 10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.02.018.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"26","key":"181_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6659","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1717-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"E Shigetomi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shigetomi E, Bowser DN, Sofroniew MV, Khakh BS: Two forms of astrocyte calcium excitability have distinct effects on NMDA receptor-mediated slow inward currents in pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci. 2008, 28 (26): 6659-6663. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1717-08.2008.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"29","key":"181_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9292","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6063-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"GE Hermann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hermann GE, Van Meter MJ, Rood JC, Rogers RC: Proteinase-activated receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract: evidence for glial-neural interactions in autonomic control of the stomach. J Neurosci. 2009, 29 (29): 9292-9300. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6063-08.2009.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"29","key":"181_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20600","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M803015200","volume":"283","author":"G Mannaioni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mannaioni G, Orr AG, Hamill CE, Yuan H, Pedone KH, McCoy KL, Berlinguer Palmini R, Junge CE, Lee CJ, Yepes M, et al: Plasmin potentiates synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function in hippocampal neurons through activation of protease-activated receptor-1. J Biol Chem. 2008, 283 (29): 20600-20611. 10.1074\/jbc.M803015200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"181_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)02285-3","volume":"72","author":"Y Tomimatsu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tomimatsu Y, Idemoto S, Moriguchi S, Watanabe S, Nakanishi H: Proteases involved in long-term potentiation. Life Sci. 2002, 72 (4\u20135): 355-361.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"181_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2004.07.002","volume":"3","author":"PT Pang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pang PT, Lu B: Regulation of late-phase LTP and long-term memory in normal and aging hippocampus: role of secreted proteins tPA and BDNF. Ageing Res Rev. 2004, 3 (4): 407-430. 10.1016\/j.arr.2004.07.002.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"181_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10068.x","volume":"58","author":"SE Farinelli","year":"1992","unstructured":"Farinelli SE, Nicklas WJ: Glutamate metabolism in rat cortical astrocyte cultures. J Neurochem. 1992, 58 (5): 1905-1915. 10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10068.x.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"181_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(94)90011-6","volume":"24","author":"AD Mitrovic","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mitrovic AD, Johnston GA: Regional differences in the inhibition of L-glutamate and L-aspartate sodium-dependent high affinity uptake systems in rat CNS synaptosomes by L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate, threo-3-hydroxy-D-aspartate and D-aspartate. Neurochem Int. 1994, 24 (6): 583-588. 10.1016\/0197-0186(94)90011-6.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"181_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01345.x","volume":"8","author":"A Volterra","year":"1996","unstructured":"Volterra A, Bezzi P, Rizzini BL, Trotti D, Ullensvang K, Danbolt NC, Racagni G: The competitive transport inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylate triggers excitotoxicity in rat cortical neuron-astrocyte co-cultures via glutamate release rather than uptake inhibition. Eur J Neurosci. 1996, 8 (9): 2019-2028. 10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01345.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6664","key":"181_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/34651","volume":"391","author":"P Bezzi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bezzi P, Carmignoto G, Pasti L, Vesce S, Rossi D, Rizzini BL, Pozzan T, Volterra A: Prostaglandins stimulate calcium-dependent glutamate release in astrocytes. Nature. 1998, 391 (6664): 281-285. 10.1038\/34651.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"181_CR48","first-page":"131","volume":"17","author":"MP Bartolomeo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bartolomeo MP, Maisano F: Validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for quantitative amino acid analysis. J Biomol Tech. 2006, 17 (2): 131-137.","journal-title":"J Biomol Tech"},{"issue":"41","key":"181_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13063","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3193-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"H Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park H, Oh SJ, Han KS, Woo DH, Park H, Mannaioni G, Traynelis SF, Lee CJ: Bestrophin-1 encodes for the Ca2\u2009+\u2009-activated anion channel in hippocampal astrocytes. J Neurosci. 2009, 29 (41): 13063-13073. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3193-09.2009.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"13","key":"181_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12724","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312845200","volume":"279","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Pangrsic T, Kreft M, Krzan M, Li N, Sul JY, Halassa M, Van Bockstaele E, Zorec R, Haydon PG: Fusion-related release of glutamate from astrocytes. J Biol Chem. 2004, 279 (13): 12724-12733.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"25","key":"181_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9441","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401960101","volume":"101","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Fukuda M, Van Bockstaele E, Pascual O, Haydon PG: Synaptotagmin IV regulates glial glutamate release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004, 101 (25): 9441-9446. 10.1073\/pnas.0401960101.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Molecular Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1756-6606-5-38.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T21:34:42Z","timestamp":1630532082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/molecularbrain.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1756-6606-5-38"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-6606-5-38","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 September 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"38"}}