{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:51:13Z","timestamp":1753883473716,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]],"date-time":"2011-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":143,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Standard tibial motor nerve conduction measures are established with recording from the abductor hallucis. This technique is often technically challenging and clinicians have difficulty interpreting the information particularly in the short segment needed to assess focal tibial nerve entrapment at the medial ankle as occurs in posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. The flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) has been described as an alternative site for recording tibial nerve function in those with posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. Normative data has not been established for this technique. This pilot study describes the technique in detail. In addition we provide reference values for medial and lateral plantar orthodromic sensory measures and assessed intrarater reliability for all measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty healthy female participants took part, and 39 returned for serial testing at 4 time points. Mean values \u00b1 SD were recorded for nerve conduction measures, and coefficient of variation as well as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motor latency, amplitude and velocity values for the FHB were 4.1 \u00b1 0.9\u00a0msec, 8.0 \u00b1 3.0\u00a0mV and 45.6 \u00b1 3.4\u00a0m\/s, respectively. Sensory latencies, amplitudes, and velocities, respectively, were 2.8 \u00b1 0.3\u00a0msec, 26.7 \u00b1 10.1 \u03bcV, and 41.4 \u00b1 3.5\u00a0m\/s for the medial plantar nerve and 3.2 \u00b1 0.5\u00a0msec, 13.3 \u00b1 4.7 \u03bcV, and 44.3 \u00b1 4.0\u00a0msec for the lateral plantar nerve. All values demonstrated significant ICC values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motor recording from the FHB provides technically clear waveforms that allow for an improved ability to assess tibial nerve function in the short segments used to assess tarsal tunnel syndrome. The reported means will begin to establish normal values for this technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-4-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]],"date-time":"2011-05-24T18:17:22Z","timestamp":1306261042000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical utility of tibial motor and sensory nerve conduction studies with motor recording from the flexor hallucis brevis: a methodological and reliability study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kathleen M","family":"Galloway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oakland University Rochester MI USA"},{"name":"United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel K","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Clinically Oriented Anatomy","year":"2009","author":"Moore KL","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733\u20108619(05)70154\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902001108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"Diagnosing heel pain in adults","volume":"70","author":"Aldridge T","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506286344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"Nerve conduction studies of lower extremities in pes planus subjects","volume":"41","author":"Budak F","year":"2001","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067\u20102516(01)80053\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067\u20102516(01)80024\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Tarsal tunnel syndrome secondary to neurilemoma\u2010 a case report","volume":"17","author":"Tsai C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.061062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728\u2010200105000\u201000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060\u2010199911001\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Motor nerve latencies through the tarsal tunnel in normal adult subjects: standard determinations corrected for temperature and distance","volume":"61","author":"Fu R","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"volume-title":"Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle","year":"2001","author":"Kimura J","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20104598(199609)19:9<1138::AID\u2010MUS9>3.0.CO;2\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20104598(199601)19:1<63::AID\u2010MUS8>3.0.CO;2\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-8422(23)00686-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Across\u2010tarsal\u2010tunnel motor\u2010nerve conduction technique","volume":"73","author":"Felsenthal G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"529","article-title":"Sensory nerve action potentials of the medial and lateral plantar nerve","volume":"65","author":"Iyer KS","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Antidromic sensory nerve conduction studies of medial and lateral plantar nerves in normals","volume":"33","author":"Kim W","year":"1993","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Orthodromic sensory nerve conduction of the medial and lateral plantar nerves. 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