{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:48:22Z","timestamp":1781243302050,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,5]],"date-time":"2011-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":247,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) affects approximately 10% of adults aged over 60 years. The foot joint complex is commonly affected by OA, yet there is relatively little research into OA of the foot, compared with other frequently affected sites such as the knee and hand. Existing epidemiological studies of foot OA have focussed predominantly on the first metatarsophalangeal joint at the expense of other joints. This three\u2010year prospective population\u2010based observational cohort study will describe the prevalence of symptomatic radiographic foot OA, relate its occurrence to symptoms, examination findings and life\u2010style\u2010factors, describe the natural history of foot OA, and examine how it presents to, and is diagnosed and managed in primary care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All adults aged 50 years and over registered with four general practices in North Staffordshire, UK, will be invited to participate in a postal Health Survey questionnaire. Respondents to the questionnaire who indicate that they have experienced foot pain in the preceding twelve months will be invited to attend a research clinic for a detailed clinical assessment. This assessment will consist of: clinical interview; physical examination; digital photography of both feet and ankles; plain x\u2010rays of both feet, ankles and hands; ultrasound examination of the plantar fascia; anthropometric measurement; and a further self\u2010complete questionnaire. Follow\u2010up will be undertaken in consenting participants by postal questionnaire at 18\u00a0months (clinic attenders only) and three years (clinic attenders and survey participants), and also by review of medical records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This three\u2010year prospective epidemiological study will combine survey data, comprehensive clinical, x\u2010ray and ultrasound assessment, and review of primary care records to identify radiographic phenotypes of foot OA in a population of community\u2010dwelling older adults, and describe their impact on symptoms, function and clinical examination findings, and their presentation, diagnosis and management in primary care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-4-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T06:23:53Z","timestamp":1315290233000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The clinical assessment study of the foot (CASF): study protocol for a prospective observational study of foot pain and foot osteoarthritis in the general population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Edward","family":"Roddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"D'Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hylton B","family":"Menz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Centre Faculty of Health Sciences La Trobe University 3086 Bundoora Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Belcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Peat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre Primary Care Sciences Keele University ST5 5BG Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.The burden of musculoskeletal conditions at the start of the new millenium. Report of a WHO Scientific Group.WHO Technical Report Series No. 9192003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Measuring disease prevalence: a comparison of musculoskeletal disease using four general practice consultation databases","volume":"57","author":"Jordan K","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"646","article-title":"Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions","volume":"81","author":"Woolf AD","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"European Bone and Joint Health Strategies Project.European Action Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.1995.tb06092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/148.7.657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2001.49275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2005.53315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"2689","article-title":"Prevalence of lower extremity pain and its association with functionality and quality of life in elderly women in Australia","volume":"30","author":"Chen J","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264305280998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280600646250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198812293192604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.8.866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.12.1546"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4751.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.25.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/0950573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304\u20103959(00)00361\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"A prospective study of the consulting behaviour of older people with knee pain","volume":"56","author":"Jordan K","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028134300453368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZammitGV MenzHB MunteanuSE LandorfKB GilheanyMF: Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2010 CD007809\u20109","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007809.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20105\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20108\u201085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650\u2010199206000\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650\u2010199603000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010005\u20104325\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895\u20104356(92)90150\u2010L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102702.2005.01121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304\u20103959(99)00263\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304\u20103959(03)00076\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","unstructured":"ThomasR:Income \u2010 commentary. [http:\/\/qb.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/topics\/income\/thomaswealth.htm]"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","unstructured":"Department for Communities and Local Government.The English Indices of Deprivation2007 http:\/\/www.communities.gov.uk\/documents\/communities\/pdf\/733520.pdfPublished: 28\/03\/2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b13640"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304\u20103959(75)90044\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021\u20109290(87)90255\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2005.35.8.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315\u201093\u20105\u2010380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20107\u201060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004\u20109514(14)60377\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315\u201085\u20104\u2010198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780331101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363\u20105023(84)80146\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902001006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304\u20103959(92)90154\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.6.630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","volume-title":"WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. A User's Guide","author":"Bellamy N","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199612150\u201000023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0837"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0838"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Rheumatism in populations","author":"Lawrence JS","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","volume-title":"Primary Care Rheumatology","author":"Klippel JH","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017973"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/0980197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010005\u20104325\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","first-page":"1938","article-title":"Generalized osteoarthritis in women: pattern of joint involvement and approaches to definition for epidemiological studies","volume":"23","author":"Cooper C","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.12.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21218"}],"container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1757-1146-4-22\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1757-1146-4-22.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1186\/1757-1146-4-22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1757-1146-4-22.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T05:27:58Z","timestamp":1706851678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1186\/1757-1146-4-22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1186\/1757-1146-4-22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1757-1146-4-22","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-1146","1757-1146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-1146","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-1146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"article-number":"22"}}