{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:37:19Z","timestamp":1788442639119,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,4]],"date-time":"2011-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296777600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1865-1380-4-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]],"date-time":"2011-02-08T15:04:22Z","timestamp":1297177462000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Current methods of diagnosis and treatment of scaphoid fractures"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Steven J","family":"Rhemrev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daan","family":"Ootes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank JP","family":"Beeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven AG","family":"Meylaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger B","family":"Schipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050192","volume":"100","author":"RB Brauer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brauer RB, Dierking M, Werber KD: Use of the Herbert screw with the freehand method for osteosynthesis of acute scaphoid fractures. Unfallchirurg 1997, 100(10):776\u201381.","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01437-2","volume":"17","author":"SH Kozin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kozin SH: Incidence, mechanism, and natural history of scaphoid fractures. Hand Clin 2001, 17(4):515\u201324.","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-002-0446-z","volume":"105","author":"M Schaefer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schaefer M, Siebert HR: [Fracture of the semilunar bone]. Unfallchirurg 2002, 105(6):540\u201352.","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"4_CR4","volume-title":"Vitot Freres","author":"E Destot","year":"1905","unstructured":"Destot E: La poignet et les accidents du travail: \u00e9tude radiographique et clinique. Vitot Freres 1905."},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(80)80087-6","volume":"5","author":"RH Gelberman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gelberman RH, Menon J: The vascularity of the scaphoid bone. J Hand Surg Am 1980, 5(5):508\u201313.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(78)80062-8","volume":"3","author":"ER Weber","year":"1978","unstructured":"Weber ER, Chao EY: An experimental approach to the mechanism of scaphoid waist fractures. J Hand Surg Am 1978, 3(2):142\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56417-8","volume-title":"Tscherne Unfallchirurgie","author":"KP Schmidt-Neuerburg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schmidt-Neuerburg KP: Tscherne Unfallchirurgie. Volume 2. 1st edition. Ellenbogen, Unterarm, Hand; 2001.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.6.1.46","volume":"6","author":"P Freeland","year":"1989","unstructured":"Freeland P: Scaphoid tubercle tenderness: a better indicator of scaphoid fractures? Arch Emerg Med 1989, 6(1):46\u201350.","journal-title":"Arch Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80197-4","volume":"21","author":"R Grover","year":"1996","unstructured":"Grover R: Clinical assessment of scaphoid injuries and the detection of fractures. J Hand Surg Br 1996, 21(3):341\u20133.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80050-8","volume":"23","author":"J Parvizi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Parvizi J, Wayman J, Kelly P, Moran CG: Combining the clinical signs improves diagnosis of scaphoid fractures. A prospective study with follow-up. J Hand Surg Br 1998, 23(3):324\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B5.14374","volume":"86","author":"M Bhat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bhat M, McCarthy M, Davis TR, Oni JA, Dawson S: MRI and plain radiography in the assessment of displaced fractures of the waist of the carpal scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2004, 86(5):705\u201313.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2005.09.001","volume":"31","author":"GC Cheung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheung GC, Lever CJ, Morris AD: X-Ray diagnosis of acute scaphoid fractures. J Hand Surg Br 2006, 31(1):104\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"8","key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-006-1398-z","volume":"46","author":"G Coblenz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coblenz G, Christopoulos G, Fr\u00f6hner S, Kalb KH, Schmitt R: [Scaphoid fracture and nonunion: current status of radiological diagnostics]. Radiologe 2006, 46(8):664. 666\u201376","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"issue":"10","key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.07.001","volume":"60","author":"G Low","year":"2005","unstructured":"Low G, Raby N: Can follow-up radiography for acute scaphoid fracture still be considered a valid investigation? Clin Radiol 2005, 60(10):1106\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(93)90074-P","volume":"18","author":"MM Tiel-van Buul","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tiel-van Buul MM, van Beek EJ, Borm JJ, Gubler FM, Broekhuizen AH, van Royen EA: The value of radiographs and bone scintigraphy in suspected scaphoid fracture. A statistical analysis. J Hand Surg Br 1993, 18(3):403\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000124278.29127.42","volume":"57","author":"RS Breederveld","year":"2004","unstructured":"Breederveld RS, Tuinebreijer WE: Investigation of computed tomographic scan concurrent criterion validity in doubtful scaphoid fracture of the wrist. J Trauma 2004, 57(4):851\u20134.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2401050412","volume":"240","author":"M Memarsadeghi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Memarsadeghi M, Breitenseher MJ, Schaefer-Prokop C, Weber M, Aldrian S, G\u00e4bler C, Prokop M: Occult scaphoid fractures: comparison of multidetector CT and MR imaging--initial experience. Radiology 2006, 240(1):169\u201376.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.04.016","volume":"33","author":"D Ring","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ring D, Lozano-Calder\u00f3n S: Imaging for suspected scaphoid fracture. J Hand Surg Am 2008, 33(6):954\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B9.20341","volume":"90","author":"FJ Beeres","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beeres FJ, Rhemrev SJ, den Hollander P, Kingma LM, Meylaerts SA, le Cessie S, Bartlema KA, Hamming JF, Hogervorst M: Early magnetic resonance imaging compared with bone scintigraphy in suspected scaphoid fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008, 90(9):1205\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"12","key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050459","volume":"27","author":"C Fowler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fowler C, Sullivan B, Williams LA, McCarthy G, Savage R, Palmer A: A comparison of bone scintigraphy and MRI in the early diagnosis of the occult scaphoid waist fracture. Skeletal Radiol 1998, 27(12):683\u20137.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00063110-200504000-00002","volume":"12","author":"A Pillai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pillai A, Jain M: Management of clinical fractures of the scaphoid: results of an audit and literature review. Eur J Emerg Med 2005, 12(2):47\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s001170050287","volume":"37","author":"MJ Breitenseher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Breitenseher MJ, Trattnig S, G\u00e4bler C, Happel B, Bankier A, Kukla C, Rand T, Imhof H: MRI in radiologically occult scaphoid fractures. Initial experiences with 1.0 Tesla (whole body-middle field equipment) versus 0.2 Tesla (dedicated low-field equipment. Radiologe 1997, 37(10):812\u20138.","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"issue":"905","key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/19790905","volume":"76","author":"A Brydie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brydie A, Raby N: Early MRI in the management of clinical scaphoid fracture. Br J Radiol 2003, 76(905):296\u2013300.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR24","first-page":"677","volume":"59","author":"C Fusetti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fusetti C, Poletti PA, Pradel PH, Garavaglia G, Platon A, Della Santa DR, Bianchi S: Diagnosis of occult scaphoid fracture with high-spatial-resolution sonography: a prospective blind study. J Trauma 2005, 59(3):677\u201381.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.220.1.r01jl15231","volume":"220","author":"AM Herneth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Herneth AM, Siegmeth A, Bader TR, Ba-Ssalamah A, Lechner G, Metz VM, Grabenwoeger F: Scaphoid fractures: evaluation with high-spatial-resolution US initial results. Radiology 2001, 220(1):231\u20135.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.66B1.6693468","volume":"66","author":"TJ Herbert","year":"1984","unstructured":"Herbert TJ, Fisher WE: Management of the fractured scaphoid using a new bone screw. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1984, 66(1):114\u201323.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4_CR27","first-page":"197","volume":"52","author":"WP Cooney","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cooney WP: Scaphoid fractures: current treatments and techniques. Instr Course Lect 2003, 52: 197\u2013208.","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"4_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196042050-00002","volume":"42-A","author":"O Russe","year":"1960","unstructured":"Russe O: Fracture of the carpal navicular. Diagnosis, non-operative treatment, and operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1960, 42-A: 759\u201368.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.09.34096","volume":"129","author":"H Furunes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Furunes H, Vandvik PO: [Cast immobilisation for suspected scaphoid fractures]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2009, 129(3):177\u20139.","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(88)90058-7","volume":"13","author":"O Langhoff","year":"1988","unstructured":"Langhoff O, Andersen JL: Consequences of late immobilization of scaphoid fractures. J Hand Surg Br 1988, 13(1):77\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(88)90057-5","volume":"13","author":"SU Sjolin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sjolin SU, Andersen JC: Clinical fracture of the carpal scaphoid--supportive bandage or plaster cast immobilization? J Hand Surg Br 1988, 13(1):75\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.1999.0984","volume":"24","author":"SA Kaneshiro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kaneshiro SA, Failla JM, Tashman S: Scaphoid fracture displacement with forearm rotation in a short-arm thumb spica cast. J Hand Surg Am 1999, 24(5):984\u201391.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B5.1894676","volume":"73","author":"NR Clay","year":"1991","unstructured":"Clay NR, Dias JJ, Costigan PS, Gregg PJ, Barton NJ: Need the thumb be immobilised in scaphoid fractures? A randomised prospective trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991, 73(5):828\u201332.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971030-00007","volume":"71","author":"H Gellman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gellman H, Caputo RJ, Carter V, Aboulafia A, McKay M: Comparison of short and long thumb-spica casts for non-displaced fractures of the carpal scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1989, 71(3):354\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B1.9367","volume":"81","author":"JE Hambidge","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hambidge JE, Desai VV, Schranz PJ, Compson JP, Davis TR, Barton NJ: Acute fractures of the scaphoid. Treatment by cast immobilisation with the wrist in flexion or extension? J Bone Joint Surg Br 1999, 81(1):91\u20132.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"6","key":"4_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.10.028","volume":"40","author":"SJ Rhemrev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rhemrev SJ, van Leerdam RH, Ootes D, Beeres FJ, Meylaerts SA: Non-operative treatment of non-displaced scaphoid fractures may be preferred. Injury 2009, 40(6):638\u201341.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200404000-00014","volume":"18","author":"M Bhandari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bhandari M, Hanson BP: Acute nondisplaced fractures of the scaphoid. J Orthop Trauma 2004, 18(4):253\u20135.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B1.19767","volume":"90","author":"MM McQueen","year":"2008","unstructured":"McQueen MM, Gelbke MK, Wakefield A, Will EM, Gaebler C: Percutaneous screw fixation versus conservative treatment for fractures of the waist of the scaphoid: a prospective randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008, 90(1):66\u201371.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"6","key":"4_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00673","volume":"90","author":"B Vinnars","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vinnars B, Pietreanu M, Bodestedt A, Ekenstam F, Gerdin B: Nonoperative compared with operative treatment of acute scaphoid fractures. A randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008, 90(6):1176\u201385.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200104000-00001","volume":"83-A","author":"CD Bond","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bond CD, Shin AY, McBride MT, Dao KD: Percutaneous screw fixation or cast immobilization for nondisplaced scaphoid fractures. J Bone Joint Surgery Am 2001, 83-A(4):483\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surgery Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-19253","volume":"32","author":"E Mayr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mayr E, Rudzki MM, Rudzki M, Borchardt B, H\u00e4usser H, R\u00fcter A: Does low intensity, pulsed ultrasound speed healing of scaphoid fractures? Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2000, 32(2):115\u201322.","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01521","volume":"90","author":"WM Novicoff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Novicoff WM, Manaswi A, Hogan MV, Brubaker SM, Mihalko WM, Saleh KJ: Critical analysis of the evidence for current technologies in bone-healing and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008, 90(Suppl 1):85\u201391.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR43","first-page":"109","volume":"15","author":"J Bohler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bohler J, Ender HG: [Pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid]. Orthopade 1986, 15(2):109\u201320.","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02585787","volume":"8","author":"W Scharf","year":"1982","unstructured":"Scharf W, V\u00e9csei V, Trojan E: [Delayed union and pseudarthrosis of the carpal navicular: diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. Unfallchirurgie 1982, 8(1):8\u201313.","journal-title":"Unfallchirurgie"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80025-8","volume":"9","author":"DL Fernandez","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fernandez DL: A technique for anterior wedge-shaped grafts for scaphoid nonunions with carpal instability. J Hand Surg Am 1984, 9(5):733\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"4_CR46","first-page":"2353","volume":"64","author":"H Matti","year":"1937","unstructured":"Matti H: \u00dcber die Behandlung der Navikularefraktur und der Refractura Patellae durch Plombierung mit Spongiosa. Zentralbl Chir 1937, 64: 2353\u20132369.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Chir"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.34372","volume":"27","author":"GA Merrell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Merrell GA, Wolfe SW, Slade JF: Treatment of scaphoid nonunions: quantitative meta-analysis of the literature. J Hand Surg Am 2002, 27(4):685\u201391.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1081-6","volume":"468","author":"ZG Yin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yin ZG, Zhang JB, Kan SL, Wang XG: Diagnosing suspected scaphoid fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010, 468(3):723\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1865-1380-4-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1865-1380-4-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1865-1380-4-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T18:18:12Z","timestamp":1637259492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/intjem.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1865-1380-4-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1865-1380-4-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1380"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1380","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,4]]},"article-number":"4"}}