{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:47:33Z","timestamp":1793227653742,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,8]],"date-time":"2012-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurodevelop Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-4-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,8]],"date-time":"2012-02-08T15:14:33Z","timestamp":1328714073000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Parental phonological memory contributes to prediction of outcome of late talkers from 20 months to 4 years: a longitudinal study of precursors of specific language impairment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Dorothy VM","family":"Bishop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Line","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Watt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2_CR1","volume-title":"Language learnability and language development","author":"S Pinker","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pinker S: Language learnability and language development. 1984, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press"},{"key":"2_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1969.tb01460.x","volume":"11","author":"GA Neligan","year":"1969","unstructured":"Neligan GA, Prudham D: Norms for four standard developmental milestones by sex, social class and place in family. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1969, 11: 413-422.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2_CR3","volume-title":"Understanding Developmental Language Disorders","author":"G Baird","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baird G: Assessment and investigation of children with speech and language impairments. Understanding Developmental Language Disorders. Edited by: Norbury CF, Tomblin JB, Bishop DVM. 2008, Hove: Psychology Press"},{"key":"2_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.02.003","volume":"31","author":"E Fernell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fernell E, Hedvall A, Norrelgen F, Eriksson M, Hoglund-Carlsson L, Barnevik-Olsson M, Svensson L, Holm A, Westerlund J, Gillberg C: Developmental profiles in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders referred for intervention. Res Dev Disabil. 2010, 31: 790-799. 10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.02.003.","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"2_CR5","volume-title":"Children with specific speech and language impairment","author":"C Haynes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Haynes C, Naidoo S: Children with specific speech and language impairment. 1991, London: MacKeith Press"},{"key":"2_CR6","volume-title":"The Bercow Report: A Review of Services for Children and Young People (0-19) with Speech, Language and Communication Needs","author":"J Bercow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bercow J: The Bercow Report: A Review of Services for Children and Young People (0-19) with Speech, Language and Communication Needs. 2008, Nottingham: DCSF Publications, [ https:\/\/www.education.gov.uk\/publications\/standard\/publicationdetail\/page1\/DCSF-00632-2008 ]"},{"key":"2_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.2.218","volume":"83","author":"JE Fischel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fischel JE, Whitehurst GJ, Caulfield MB, Debaryshe B: Language growth in children with expressive language delay. Pediatrics. 1989, 83: 218-227.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3403.604","volume":"34","author":"DJ Thal","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thal DJ, Tobias S, Morrison D: Language and gesture in late talkers: a one-year follow-up. J Speech Hear Res. 1991, 34: 604-612.","journal-title":"J Speech Hear Res"},{"key":"2_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400009644","volume":"11","author":"L Rescorla","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rescorla L, Schwartz E: Outcome of toddlers with specific expressive language delay. Appl Psycholinguist. 1990, 11: 393-407. 10.1017\/S0142716400009644.","journal-title":"Appl Psycholinguist"},{"key":"2_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360.0502.05","volume":"5","author":"R Paul","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paul R: Clinical implications of the natural history of slow expressive language development. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 1996, 5: 5-21.","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"key":"2_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2007\/035)","volume":"50","author":"MJ Moyle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moyle MJ, Weismer SE, Evans JL, Lindstrom MJ: Longitudinal relationships between lexical and grammatical development in typical and late-talking children. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2007, 50: 508-528. 10.1044\/1092-4388(2007\/035).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/029)","volume":"51","author":"ML Rice","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rice ML, Taylor CL, Zubrick SR: Language outcomes of 7-year-old children with or without a history of late language emergence at 24 months. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008, 51: 394-407. 10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/029).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3606.1271","volume":"36","author":"R Paul","year":"1993","unstructured":"Paul R, Alforde S: Grammatical morpheme acquisition in 4-year-olds with normal, impaired, and late-developing language. J Speech Hear Res. 1993, 36: 1271-1275.","journal-title":"J Speech Hear Res"},{"key":"2_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)32170-8","volume":"100","author":"M Epelbaum","year":"1993","unstructured":"Epelbaum M, Milleret C, Buisseret P, Dufier JL: The sensitive period for strabismic amblyopia in humans. Ophthalmology. 1993, 100: 323-327.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(89)90003-0","volume":"21","author":"JS Johnson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Johnson JS, Newport EL: Critical period effects in second language learning: the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychol. 1989, 21: 60-99. 10.1016\/0010-0285(89)90003-0.","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychol"},{"key":"2_CR16","volume-title":"Biological foundations of language","author":"EH Lenneberg","year":"1967","unstructured":"Lenneberg EH: Biological foundations of language. 1967, New York: John Wiley"},{"key":"2_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2003\/044)","volume":"46","author":"PS Dale","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dale PS, Price TS, Bishop DVM, Plomin R: Outcomes of early language delay: I. Predicting persistent and transient delay at 3 and 4 years. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2003, 46: 544-560. 10.1044\/1092-4388(2003\/044).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.148528","volume":"94","author":"AE O'Hare","year":"2009","unstructured":"O'Hare AE: Wayward words and watchful waiting: should clinicians be more proactive for the preschooler with uncomplicated expressive language delay?. Arch Dis Child. 2009, 94: 80-82.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2010\/09-0067)","volume":"42","author":"R Paul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paul R, Roth F: Characterizing and predicting outcomes of communication delays in infants and toddlers: Implications for clinical practice. Lang Speech Hear Serv. 2010, 42: 331-40.","journal-title":"Lang Speech Hear Serv"},{"key":"2_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/07-0171)","volume":"52","author":"L Rescorla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rescorla L: Age 17 language and reading outcomes in late-talking toddlers: Support for a dimensional perspective on language delay. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009, 52: 16-30. 10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/07-0171).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/020)","volume":"49","author":"M Westerlund","year":"2006","unstructured":"Westerlund M, Berglund E, Eriksson M: Can severely language delayed 3-year-olds be identified at 18 months? Evaluation of a screening version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006, 49: 237-247. 10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/020).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2010\/09-0255)","volume":"54","author":"J Henrichs","year":"2011","unstructured":"Henrichs J, Rescorla L, Schenk JJ, Schmidt HG, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Raat H, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H: Examining continuity of early expressive vocabulary development: The Generation R Study. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2011, 54: 854-869. 10.1044\/1092-4388(2010\/09-0255).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1530","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0254","volume":"126","author":"S Reilly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reilly S, Wake M, Ukoumunne OC, Bavin E, Prior M, Cini E, Conway L, Eadie P, Bretherton L: Predicting language outcomes at 4 years of age: findings from Early Language in Victoria Study. Pediatrics. 2010, 126: E1530-E1537. 10.1542\/peds.2010-0254.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-005-0010-y","volume":"55","author":"P Lyytinen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lyytinen P, Eklund K, Lyytinen H: Language development and literacy skills in late-talking toddlers with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Ann Dyslexia. 2005, 55: 166-192. 10.1007\/s11881-005-0010-y.","journal-title":"Ann Dyslexia"},{"key":"2_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219408326215","volume":"42","author":"JF Flax","year":"2009","unstructured":"Flax JF, Realpe-Bonilla T, Roesler C, Choudhury N, Benasich A: Using early standardized language measures to predict later language and early reading outcomes in children at high risk for language-learning impairments. J Learn Disabil. 2009, 42: 61-75.","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"2_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000900004414","volume":"27","author":"A Hamilton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hamilton A, Plunkett K, Schafer G: Infant vocabulary development assessed with a British Communicative Development Inventory. J Child Lang. 2000, 27: 689-705. 10.1017\/S0305000900004414.","journal-title":"J Child Lang"},{"key":"2_CR27","volume-title":"Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Second Edition (Vineland II), Survey Interview Form\/Caregiver Rating Form","author":"SS Sparrow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sparrow SS, Cicchetti DV, Balla DA: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Second Edition (Vineland II), Survey Interview Form\/Caregiver Rating Form. 2005, Livonia, MN: Peareson Assessments"},{"key":"2_CR28","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning","author":"EM Mullen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mullen EM: Mullen Scales of Early Learning. 1995, Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service"},{"key":"2_CR29","volume-title":"Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wechsler D: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. 2002, London, UK: Psychological Corporation, (3rd UK Ed.)"},{"key":"2_CR30","volume-title":"British Ability Scales","author":"C Elliott","year":"1983","unstructured":"Elliott C, Murray DJ, Pearson LS: British Ability Scales. 1983, Windsor: NFER-Nelson"},{"key":"2_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820500442644","volume":"41","author":"H Gardner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gardner H, Froud K, McClelland A, van der Lely HKJ: Development of the Grammar and Phonology Screening (GAPS) test to assess key markers of specific language and literacy difficulties in young children. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2006, 41: 513-540. 10.1080\/13682820500442644.","journal-title":"Int J Lang Commun Disord"},{"key":"2_CR32","volume-title":"The Bus Story: A test of continuous speech","author":"C Renfrew","year":"1991","unstructured":"Renfrew C: The Bus Story: A test of continuous speech. 1991, Bicester, Oxon, UK: Winslow Press"},{"key":"2_CR33","volume-title":"Rice\/Wexler Test of Early Grammatical Impairment","author":"ML Rice","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rice ML, Wexler K: Rice\/Wexler Test of Early Grammatical Impairment. 2001, London: Psychological Corporation"},{"key":"2_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02254.x","volume":"51","author":"K Nation","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nation K, Cocksey J, Taylor JSH, Bishop DVM: A longitudinal investigation of early reading and language skills in children with poor reading comprehension. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010, 51: 1031-1039. 10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02254.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2_CR35","volume-title":"The Children's Communication Checklist, version 2 (CCC-2)","author":"DVM Bishop","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bishop DVM: The Children's Communication Checklist, version 2 (CCC-2). 2003, London: Pearson"},{"key":"2_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820410001654883","volume":"39","author":"CF Norbury","year":"2004","unstructured":"Norbury CF, Nash M, Bishop DVM, Baird G: Using parental checklists to identify diagnostic groups in children with communication impairment: A validation of the Children's Communication Checklist - 2. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2004, 39: 345-364. 10.1080\/13682820410001654883.","journal-title":"Int J Lang Commun Disord"},{"key":"2_CR37","volume-title":"NEPSY: A developmental neuropsychological assessment","author":"M Korkman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Korkman M, Kirk U, Kemp SI: NEPSY: A developmental neuropsychological assessment. 1998, San Antonio: Psychological Corporation"},{"key":"2_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00232.x","volume":"6","author":"JG Barry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barry JG, Yasin I, Bishop DVM: Heritable risk factors associated with language impairments. Genes Brain Behav. 2007, 6: 66-76. 10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00232.x.","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"2_CR39","volume-title":"The Mill-Hill Vocabulary Scale","author":"J Raven","year":"1977","unstructured":"Raven J, Raven JC, Court JC: The Mill-Hill Vocabulary Scale. 1977, London: H.K. Lewis and Co, ISBN 0 7186 0422, 9","edition":"9"},{"key":"2_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021963099005284","volume":"41","author":"A Gallagher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gallagher A, Frith U, Snowling M: Precursors of literacy delay among children at genetic risk of dyslexia. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000, 41: 202-213.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-004-0010-3","volume":"54","author":"H Lyytinen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lyytinen H, Aro M, Eklund K, Erskine J, Guttorm T, Laakso M, Lepp\u00e4nen P, Lyytinen P, Poikkeus A, Richardson U, Torppa M: The development of children at familial risk for dyslexia: birth to school age. Ann Dyslexia. 2004, 54: 184-220. 10.1007\/s11881-004-0010-3.","journal-title":"Ann Dyslexia"},{"key":"2_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1080\/17549500903147560","volume":"11","author":"S Reilly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reilly S, Bavin EL, Bretherton L, Conway L, Eadie P, Cini E, Prior M, Ukoumunne OC, Wake M: The Early Language in Victoria Study (ELVS): A prospective, longitudinal study of communication skills and expressive vocabulary development at 8, 12 and 24 months. Int J Speech-Lang Pathol. 2009, 11: 344-357. 10.1080\/17549500903147560.","journal-title":"Int J Speech-Lang Pathol"},{"key":"2_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1044\/lle15.3.93","volume":"15","author":"EM Ellis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ellis EM, Thal DJ: Early language delay and risk for language impairment. Perspect Lang Learn Educ. 2008, 15: 93-100. 10.1044\/lle15.3.93.","journal-title":"Perspect Lang Learn Educ"},{"key":"2_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00011363-199111040-00003","volume":"11","author":"R Paul","year":"1991","unstructured":"Paul R: Profiles of toddlers with slow expressive language development. Top Lang Disord. 1991, 11: 1-13.","journal-title":"Top Lang Disord"},{"key":"2_CR45","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Speech and Language Impairments in Children: Causes, Characteristics, Intervention and Outcome","author":"R Paul","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paul R: Predicting outcomes of early expressive language delay: Ethical implications. Speech and Language Impairments in Children: Causes, Characteristics, Intervention and Outcome. Edited by: Bishop DVM, Leonard LB. 2000, Hove, UK: Psychology Press, 195-209."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-015-9110-0","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,30]],"date-time":"2015-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432944000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1866-1955-4-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1866-1955-4-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1866-1955-4-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T05:49:40Z","timestamp":1713505780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1866-1955-4-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1866-1955-4-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-1947","1866-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-1947","type":"print"},{"value":"1866-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,8]]},"article-number":"3"}}