{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:28:31Z","timestamp":1767832111012,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Epigenet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Epidemiological studies demonstrate that foetal growth restriction and low birth weight affect long-term health. Derangements in tissue-specific epigenetic programming of foetal and placental tissues are a suggested underlying mechanism of which DNA methylation is best understood. DNA methylation has been mostly investigated in DNA from white blood cells. To improve baseline understanding of tissue-specific DNA methylation, we examined variation in DNA methylation profiles of the imprinted foetal growth genes <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic> in three different tissues from the same newborn obtained at the same time.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We obtained DNA from umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC; CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD34<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), foetal side of the placenta (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5) and umbilical cord Wharton jelly (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5). DNA methylation of the <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic> differentially methylated region (<jats:italic>DMR<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>H19 DMR<\/jats:italic> was measured using quantitative mass spectrometry. Analysis of variance testing showed no statistical difference between total mean methylation of CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD34<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> MNC. Further comparisons were made with the pooled total MNC fraction. Mean <jats:italic>IGF2 DMR<\/jats:italic> methylation of Wharton jelly was 1.3 times higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) than mean methylation of the pooled MNC. Placental mean methylation was 0.8 times lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001) and Wharton jelly 0.9 times lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001) than the pooled MNC of <jats:italic>H19 DMR.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The total MNC fraction is a rather homogeneous cell population for methylation studies of imprinted genes in umbilical cord blood white blood cells, but may not always reflect the methylation levels of <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic> in other organs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1868-7083-5-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T16:14:25Z","timestamp":1370016865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Tissue-specific DNA methylation profiles in newborns"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Herzog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jubby","family":"Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Roks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisette","family":"Stolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Verbiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Eilers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Cornelissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Steegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gine","family":"Steegers-Theunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"41_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2007.00186.x","volume":"102","author":"MA Hanson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hanson MA, Gluckman PD: Developmental origins of health and disease: new insights. 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