{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T01:33:00Z","timestamp":1785375180181,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 RR031985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR031985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gaseous headspace above na\u00efve <jats:italic>Escherichia Coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) cultures and whole human blood inoculated with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> were collected and analyzed for the presence of trace gases that may have the potential to be used as novel, non\u2010invasive markers of infectious disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The na\u00efve <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> culture, LB broth, and human whole blood or <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> inoculated whole blood were incubated in hermetically sealable glass bioreactors at 37\u00b0C for 24 hrs. LB broth and whole human blood were used as controls for background volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The headspace gases were collected after incubation and analyzed using a gas chromatographic system with multiple column\/detector combinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six VOCs were observed to be produced by <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected whole blood while there existed nearly zero to relatively negligible amounts of these gases in the whole blood alone, LB broth, or <jats:italic>E. coli\u2010<\/jats:italic> inoculated LB broth. These VOCs included dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbon disulfide (CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), ethanol, acetaldehyde, methyl butanoate, and an unidentified gas S. In contrast, there were several VOCs significantly elevated in the headspace above the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in LB broth, but not present in the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\/blood mixture. These VOCs included dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), methyl propanoate, 1\u2010propanol, methylcyclohexane, and unidentified gases R2 and Q.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates 1) that cultivated <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in LB broth produce distinct gas profiles, 2) for the first time, the ability to modify <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific gas profiles by the addition of whole human blood, and 3) that <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\u2010human whole blood interactions present different gas emission profiles that have the potential to be used as non\u2010invasive volatile biomarkers of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2001-1326-2-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T12:14:19Z","timestamp":1373458459000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Gas signatures from <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\u2010inoculated human whole blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Brandon J","family":"Umber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of California 92697 Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye\u2010Won","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California 92697 Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences University of California 92697 Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Meinardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of California 92697 Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu\u2010Yun","family":"Leu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics 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