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Therefore, it is essential to develop drug discovery especially from natural origins. Sesquiterpenes, a diverse group of natural terpenoids, are found in essential oils of many plants and show a broad range of bioactivities. They act through multiple mechanisms in the chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis. Some of these active compounds contain hydroperoxides, aldehydes, alcohols, \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated \u03b3-lactone and even halogenated moieties. Among the compounds reported, sesquiterpene lactones showed a potent anti-trypanosoma effect comparable with commercial trypanocidal drugs. Trypanocidal activity of sesquiterpene lactones mostly depends on the reaction between \u03b3-lactone moieties and nucleophile groups of trypanithione, which is essential for <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic> defense against the oxidative stresses. Elatol is a sesquiterpenoid from marine algae, with a different structure and considerable trypanocidal activity which could be an interesting candidate for further antiprotozoal investigations. To develop novel drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity from natural products, this review summarizes the more recent information on trypanocidal activities of various sesquiterpenes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-21-35","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T12:14:28Z","timestamp":1368620068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Biogenic trypanocidal sesquiterpenes: lead compounds to design future trypanocidal drugs - a mini review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Soodabeh","family":"Saeidnia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Reza","family":"Gohari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azita","family":"Haddadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"137_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01630-07","volume":"52","author":"VP S\u00fclsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"S\u00fclsen VP, Frank FM, Cazorla SI, Anesini CA, Malchiodi EL, Freixa B, Vila R, Muschietti LV, Martino VS: Trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of sesquiterpene lactones from Ambrosia tenuifolia Sprengel (Asteraceae). 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