{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:41:44Z","timestamp":1791499304742,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>It has been suggested that efforts to identify genetic risk markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would benefit from the analysis of more narrowly defined ASD phenotypes. Previous research indicates that 'insistence on sameness' (IS) and 'repetitive sensory-motor actions' (RSMA) are two factors within the ASD 'repetitive and stereotyped behavior' domain. The primary aim of this study was to identify genetic risk markers of both factors to allow comparison of those markers with one another and with markers found in the same set of pedigrees using ASD diagnosis as the phenotype. Thus, we empirically addresses the possibilities that more narrowly defined phenotypes improve linkage analysis signals and that different narrowly defined phenotypes are associated with different loci. Secondary aims were to examine the correlates of IS and RSMA and to assess the heritability of both scales.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A genome-wide linkage analysis was conducted with a sample of 70 multiplex ASD pedigrees using IS and RSMA as phenotypes. Genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research using the 6 K single nucleotide polymorphism linkage panel. Analysis was done using the multipoint linkage software program MCLINK, a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that allows for multilocus linkage analysis on large extended pedigrees.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Genome-wide significance was observed for IS at 2q37.1-q37.3 (dominant model heterogeneity lod score (hlod) 3.42) and for RSMA at 15q13.1-q14 (recessive model hlod 3.93). We found some linkage signals that overlapped and others that were not observed in our previous linkage analysis of the ASD phenotype in the same pedigrees, and regions varied in the range of phenotypes with which they were linked. A new finding with respect to IS was that it is positively associated with IQ if the IS-RSMA correlation is statistically controlled.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The finding that IS and RSMA are linked to different regions that only partially overlap regions previously identified with ASD as the phenotype supports the value of including multiple, narrowly defined phenotypes in ASD genetic research. Further, we replicated previous reports indicating that RSMA is more strongly associated than IS with measures of ASD severity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-1-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T07:15:40Z","timestamp":1266909340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Genome-wide linkage analyses of two repetitive behavior phenotypes in Utah pedigrees with autism spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Dale S","family":"Cannon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith S","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reid J","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele E","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie K","family":"Wahmhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Allen-Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Coon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2346","volume":"9","author":"BS Abrahams","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abrahams BS, Geschwind DH: Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology. Nat Rev Genet. 2008, 9: 341-355. 10.1038\/nrg2346.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. 2000, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1770","volume":"9","author":"F Happe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Happe F, Ronald A, Plomin R: Time to give up on a single explanation for autism. Nat Neurosci. 2006, 9: 1218-1220. 10.1038\/nn1770.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d","volume":"45","author":"A Ronald","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ronald A, Happe F, Bolton P, Butcher LM, Price TS, Wheelwright S, Baron-Cohen S, Plomin R: Genetic heterogeneity between the three components of the autism spectrum: a twin study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006, 45: 691-699. 10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2005.00433.x","volume":"8","author":"A Ronald","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ronald A, Happe F, Plomin R: The genetic relationship between individual differences in social and nonsocial behaviours characteristic of autism. Dev Sci. 2005, 8: 444-458. 10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2005.00433.x.","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"3_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.044","volume":"61","author":"V Hus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hus V, Pickles A, Cook EH, Risi S, Lord C: Using the autism diagnostic interview--revised to increase phenotypic homogeneity in genetic studies of autism. Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 61: 438-448. 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.044.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1086\/320588","volume":"68","author":"JD Buxbaum","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buxbaum JD, Silverman JM, Smith CJ, Kilifarski M, Reichert J, Hollander E, Lawlor BA, Fitzgerald M, Greenberg DA, Davis KL: Evidence for a susceptibility gene for autism on chromosome 2 and for genetic heterogeneity. Am J Hum Genet. 2001, 68: 1514-1520. 10.1086\/320588.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30739","volume":"147B","author":"N Ramoz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramoz N, Cai G, Reichert JG, Silverman JM, Buxbaum JD: An analysis of candidate autism loci on chromosome 2q24-q33: evidence for association to the STK39 gene. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008, 147B: 1152-1158. 10.1002\/ajmg.b.30739.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001465","volume":"9","author":"JD Buxbaum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buxbaum JD, Silverman J, Keddache M, Smith CJ, Hollander E, Ramoz N, Reichert JG: Linkage analysis for autism in a subset families with obsessive-compulsive behaviors: evidence for an autism susceptibility gene on chromosome 1 and further support for susceptibility genes on chromosome 6 and 19. Mol Psychiatry. 2004, 9: 144-150. 10.1038\/sj.mp.4001465.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20151","volume":"127B","author":"JL McCauley","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCauley JL, Olson LM, Dowd M, Amin T, Steele A, Blakely RD, Folstein SE, Haines JL, Sutcliffe JS: Linkage and association analysis at the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) locus in a rigid-compulsive subset of autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2004, 127B: 104-112. 10.1002\/ajmg.b.20151.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1086\/367846","volume":"72","author":"Y Shao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shao Y, Cuccaro ML, Hauser ER, Raiford KL, Menold MM, Wolpert CM, Ravan SA, Elston L, Decena K, Donnelly SL, Abramson RK, Wright HH, DeLong GR, Gilbert JR, Pericak-Vance MA: Fine mapping of autistic disorder to chromosome 15q11-q13 by use of phenotypic subtypes. Am J Hum Genet. 2003, 72: 539-548. 10.1086\/367846.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000046868.56865.0F","volume":"42","author":"EL Nurmi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nurmi EL, Dowd M, Tadevosyan-Leyfer O, Haines JL, Folstein SE, Sutcliffe JS: Exploratory subsetting of autism families based on savant skills improves evidence of genetic linkage to 15q11-q13. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003, 42: 856-863. 10.1097\/01.CHI.0000046868.56865.0F.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30166","volume":"135B","author":"DQ Ma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ma DQ, Jaworski J, Menold MM, Donnelly S, Abramson RK, Wright HH, Delong GR, Gilbert JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Cuccaro ML: Ordered-subset analysis of savant skills in autism for 15q11-q13. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005, 135B: 38-41. 10.1002\/ajmg.b.30166.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30122","volume":"133B","author":"EJ Mulder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mulder EJ, Anderson GM, Kema IP, Brugman AM, Ketelaars CE, de Bildt A, van Lang ND, den Boer JA, Minderaa RB: Serotonin transporter intron 2 polymorphism associated with rigid-compulsive behaviors in Dutch individuals with pervasive developmental disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005, 133B: 93-96. 10.1002\/ajmg.b.30122.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30614","volume":"147","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silverman JM, Buxbaum JD, Ramoz N, Schmeidler J, Reichenberg A, Hollander E, Angelo G, Smith CJ, Kryzak LA: Autism-related routines and rituals associated with a mitochondrial aspartate\/glutamate carrier SLC25A12 polymorphism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008, 147: 408-410.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1086\/432648","volume":"77","author":"JS Sutcliffe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sutcliffe JS, Delahanty RJ, Prasad HC, McCauley JL, Han Q, Jiang L, Li C, Folstein SE, Blakely RD: Allelic heterogeneity at the serotonin transporter locus (SLC6A4) confers susceptibility to autism and rigid-compulsive behaviors. Am J Hum Genet. 2005, 77: 265-279. 10.1086\/432648.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR17","volume-title":"The Social Responsiveness Scale","author":"JN Constantino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Constantino JN: The Social Responsiveness Scale. 2002, Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services"},{"key":"3_CR18","volume-title":"The Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised (ADI-R)","author":"A Le Couteur","year":"2003","unstructured":"Le Couteur A, Lord C, Rutter M: The Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised (ADI-R). 2003, Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145","volume":"24","author":"C Lord","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lord C, Rutter M, Le Couteur A: Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised: a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 1994, 24: 659-685. 10.1007\/BF02172145.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040600630288","volume":"12","author":"SL Bishop","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bishop SL, Richler J, Lord C: Association between restricted and repetitive behaviors and nonverbal IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychol. 2006, 12: 247-267. 10.1080\/09297040600630288.","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025321707947","volume":"34","author":"ML Cuccaro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cuccaro ML, Shao Y, Grubber J, Slifer M, Wolpert CM, Donnelly SL, Abramson RK, Ravan SA, Wright HH, DeLong GR, Pericak-Vance MA: Factor analysis of restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-R. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2003, 34: 3-17. 10.1023\/A:1025321707947.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0680-5","volume":"39","author":"EL Mooney","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mooney EL, Gray KM, Tonge BJ, Sweeney DJ, Taffe JR: Factor analytic study of repetitive behaviours in young children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2009, 39 (5): 765-74. 10.1007\/s10803-008-0680-5.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0409-x","volume":"38","author":"V Papageorgiou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Papageorgiou V, Georgiades S, Mavreas V: Brief report: cross-cultural evidence for the heterogeneity of the restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests domain of autism: a Greek study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008, 38: 558-561. 10.1007\/s10803-007-0409-x.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0332-6","volume":"37","author":"J Richler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Richler J, Bishop SL, Kleinke JR, Lord C: Restricted and repetitive behaviors in young children with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2007, 37: 73-85. 10.1007\/s10803-006-0332-6.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01537.x","volume":"47","author":"P Szatmari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Szatmari P, Georgiades S, Bryson S, Zwaigenbaum L, Roberts W, Mahoney W, Goldberg J, Tuff L: Investigating the structure of the restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests domain of autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006, 47: 582-590. 10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01537.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01944.x","volume":"49","author":"KS Lam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lam KS, Bodfish JW, Piven J: Evidence for three subtypes of repetitive behavior in autism that differ in familiality and association with other symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008, 49: 1193-1200.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000046870.56865.90","volume":"42","author":"O Tadevosyan-Leyfer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tadevosyan-Leyfer O, Dowd M, Mankoski R, Winklosky B, Putnam S, McGrath L, Tager-Flusberg H, Folstein SE: A principal components analysis of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003, 42: 864-872. 10.1097\/01.CHI.0000046870.56865.90.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10048","volume":"114","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silverman JM, Smith CJ, Schmeidler J, Hollander E, Lawlor BA, Fitzgerald M, Buxbaum JD, Delaney K, Galvin P: Symptom domains in autism and related conditions: evidence for familiality. Am J Med Genet. 2002, 114: 64-73. 10.1002\/ajmg.10048.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320540107","volume":"54","author":"D Spiker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Spiker D, Lotspeich L, Kraemer HC, Hallmayer J, McMahon W, Petersen PB, Nicholas P, Pingree C, Wiese-Slater S, Chiotti C: Genetics of autism: characteristics of affected and unaffected children from 37 multiplex families. Am J Med Genet. 1994, 54: 27-35. 10.1002\/ajmg.1320540107.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"3_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-005-2973-7","volume":"36","author":"RK Abramson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abramson RK, Ravan SA, Wright HH, Wieduwilt K, Wolpert CM, Donnelly SA, Pericak-Vance MA, Cuccaro ML: The relationship between restrictive and repetitive behaviors in individuals with autism and obsessive compulsive symptoms in parents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2005, 36: 155-165. 10.1007\/s10578-005-2973-7.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"3_CR31","volume-title":"Mol Psychiatry","author":"K Allen-Brady","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allen-Brady K, Robison R, Cannon D, Varvil T, Villalobos M, Pingree C, Leppert MF, Miller J, McMahon WM, Coon H: Genome-wide linkage in Utah autism pedigrees. Mol Psychiatry. 2009, doi:10.1038\/mp.2008.14"},{"key":"3_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005592401947","volume":"30","author":"C Lord","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lord C, Risi S, Lambrecht L, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, DiLavore PC, Pickles A, Rutter M: The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2000, 30: 205-223. 10.1023\/A:1005592401947.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3_CR33","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition","author":"D Wechsler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wechsler D: Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition. 1991, San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation"},{"key":"3_CR34","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition","author":"D Wechsler","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wechsler D: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition. 1997, San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation"},{"key":"3_CR35","volume-title":"Differential Ability Scales","author":"C Elliott","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elliott C: Differential Ability Scales. 1990, San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation"},{"key":"3_CR36","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning, AGS Edition","author":"E Mullen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mullen E: Mullen Scales of Early Learning, AGS Edition. 1995, Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-6-S1-S6","volume":"6","author":"DF Levinson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levinson DF, Holmans P: The effect of linkage disequilibrium on linkage analysis of incomplete pedigrees. BMC Genet. 2005, 6 (Suppl 1): S6-10.1186\/1471-2156-6-S1-S6.","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"3_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MA, Bender D, Maller J, Sklar P, de Bakker PI, Daly MJ, Sham PC: PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet. 2007, 81: 559-575. 10.1086\/519795.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1086\/301844","volume":"62","author":"L Almasy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Almasy L, Blangero J: Multipoint quantitative-trait linkage analysis in general pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet. 1998, 62: 1198-1211. 10.1086\/301844.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2272(1997)14:6<987::AID-GEPI71>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"14","author":"R Duggirala","year":"1997","unstructured":"Duggirala R, Williams JT, Williams-Blangero S, Blangero J: A variance component approach to dichotomous trait linkage analysis using a threshold model. Genet Epidemiol. 1997, 14: 987-992. 10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2272(1997)14:6<987::AID-GEPI71>3.0.CO;2-G.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"3_CR41","first-page":"255","volume":"29","author":"SJ Hasstedt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hasstedt SJ: jPAP: Document-driven software for genetic analysis. Genet Epidemiol. 2005, 29: 255-","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"3_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/ng917","volume":"31","author":"A Kong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kong A, Gudbjartsson DF, Sainz J, Jonsdottir GM, Gudjonsson SA, Richardsson B, Sigurdardottir S, Barnard J, Hallbeck B, Masson G, Shlien A, Palsson ST, Frigge ML, Thorgeirsson TE, Gulcher JR, Stefansson K: A high-resolution recombination map of the human genome. Nat Genet. 2002, 31: 241-247.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008947712763","volume":"10","author":"A Thomas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thomas A, Gutin A, Abkevich V, Bansal A: Multilocus linkage analysis by blocked Gibbs sampling. Statistics and Computing. 2000, 10: 259-269. 10.1023\/A:1008947712763.","journal-title":"Statistics and Computing"},{"key":"3_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.04.002","volume":"84","author":"K Allen-Brady","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allen-Brady K, Norton PA, Farnham JM, Teerlink C, Cannon-Albright LA: Significant linkage evidence for a predisposition gene for pelvic floor disorders on chromosome 9q21. Am J Hum Genet. 2009, 84: 678-682. 10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.04.002.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1086\/324590","volume":"69","author":"NJ Camp","year":"2001","unstructured":"Camp NJ, Neuhausen SL, Tiobech J, Polloi A, Coon H, Myles-Worsley M: Genomewide multipoint linkage analysis of seven extended Palauan pedigrees with schizophrenia, by a Markov-chain Monte Carlo method. Am J Hum Genet. 2001, 69: 1278-1289. 10.1086\/324590.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20554","volume":"67","author":"GB Christensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Christensen GB, Camp NJ, Farnham JM, Cannon-Albright LA: Genome-wide linkage analysis for aggressive prostate cancer in Utah high-risk pedigrees. Prostate. 2007, 67: 605-613. 10.1002\/pros.20554.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"3_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1086\/302945","volume":"66","author":"EN Kort","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kort EN, Ballinger DG, Ding W, Hunt SC, Bowen BR, Abkevich V, Bulka K, Campbell B, Capener C, Gutin A, Harshman K, McDermott M, Thorne T, Wang H, Wardell B, Wong J, Hopkins PN, Skolnick M, Samuels M: Evidence of linkage of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia to a novel locus on chromosome 11q23. Am J Hum Genet. 2000, 66: 1845-1856. 10.1086\/302945.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1086\/340670","volume":"70","author":"S Stone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stone S, Abkevich V, Hunt SC, Gutin A, Russell DL, Neff CD, Riley R, Frech GC, Hensel CH, Jammulapati S, Potter J, Sexton D, Tran T, Gibbs D, Iliev D, Gress R, Bloomquist B, Amatruda J, Rae PM, Adams TD, Skolnick MH, Shattuck D: A major predisposition locus for severe obesity, at 4p15-p14. Am J Hum Genet. 2002, 70: 1459-1468. 10.1086\/340670.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1159\/000090546","volume":"60","author":"H Coon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coon H, Matsunami N, Stevens J, Miller J, Pingree C, Camp NJ, Thomas A, Krasny L, Lainhart J, Leppert MF, McMahon W: Evidence for linkage on chromosome 3q25-27 in a large autism extended pedigree. Hum Hered. 2005, 60: 220-226. 10.1159\/000090546.","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-4-S1-S93","volume":"4","author":"BD Horne","year":"2003","unstructured":"Horne BD, Malhotra A, Camp NJ: Comparison of linkage analysis methods for genome-wide scanning of extended pedigrees, with application to the TG\/HDL-C ratio in the Framingham Heart Study. BMC Genet. 2003, 4 (Suppl 1): S93-10.1186\/1471-2156-4-S1-S93.","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"3_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1086\/302797","volume":"66","author":"HH Goring","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goring HH, Terwilliger JD: Linkage analysis in the presence of errors I: complex-valued recombination fractions and complex phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet. 2000, 66: 1095-1106. 10.1086\/302797.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR52","first-page":"63","volume":"72","author":"JD Terwilliger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Terwilliger JD, Goring HH: Gene mapping in the 20th and 21st centuries: statistical methods, data analysis, and experimental design. Hum Biol. 2000, 72: 63-132.","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"3_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1086\/301997","volume":"63","author":"DA Greenberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Greenberg DA, Abreu P, Hodge SE: The power to detect linkage in complex disease by means of simple LOD-score analyses. Am J Hum Genet. 1998, 63: 870-879. 10.1086\/301997.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S492","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.2001.21.s1.s492","volume":"21","author":"V Abkevich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abkevich V, Camp NJ, Gutin A, Farnham JM, Cannon-Albright L, Thomas A: A robust multipoint linkage statistic (tlod) for mapping complex trait loci. Genet Epidemiol. 2001, 21 (Suppl 1): S492-497.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"3_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1086\/302536","volume":"65","author":"PC Abreu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Abreu PC, Greenberg DA, Hodge SE: Direct power comparisons between simple LOD scores and NPL scores for linkage analysis in complex diseases. Am J Hum Genet. 1999, 65: 847-857. 10.1086\/302536.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370090107","volume":"9","author":"LR Goldin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goldin LR: Detection of linkage under heterogeneity: comparison of the two-locus vs. admixture models. Genet Epidemiol. 1992, 9: 61-66. 10.1002\/gepi.1370090107.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-6561-1-s1-s82","volume":"1","author":"GB Christensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Christensen GB, Cannon-Albright LA, Thomas A, Camp NJ: Extracting disease risk profiles from expression data for linkage analysis: application to prostate cancer. BMC Proc. 2007, 1 (Suppl 1): S82-10.1186\/1753-6561-1-s1-s82.","journal-title":"BMC Proc"},{"key":"3_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390100581","volume":"109","author":"SC Hunt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hunt SC, Abkevich V, Hensel CH, Gutin A, Neff CD, Russell DL, Tran T, Hong X, Jammulapati S, Riley R, Weaver-Feldhaus J, Macalma T, Richards MM, Gress R, Francis M, Thomas A, Frech GC, Adams TD, Shattuck D, Stone S: Linkage of body mass index to chromosome 20 in Utah pedigrees. Hum Genet. 2001, 109: 279-285. 10.1007\/s004390100581.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1195-241","volume":"11","author":"E Lander","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lander E, Kruglyak L: Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results. Nat Genet. 1995, 11: 241-247. 10.1038\/ng1195-241.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9165-9","volume":"36","author":"DG Sukhodolsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sukhodolsky DG, Scahill L, Gadow KD, Arnold LE, Aman MG, McDougle CJ, McCracken JT, Tierney E, Williams White S, Lecavalier L, Vitiello B: Parent-rated anxiety symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders: frequency and association with core autism symptoms and cognitive functioning. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008, 36: 117-128. 10.1007\/s10802-007-9165-9.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"3_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2005.15.477","volume":"15","author":"DM Weisbrot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weisbrot DM, Gadow KD, DeVincent CJ, Pomeroy J: The presentation of anxiety in children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2005, 15: 477-496. 10.1089\/cap.2005.15.477.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"3_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.01.003","volume":"29","author":"SW White","year":"2009","unstructured":"White SW, Oswald D, Ollendick T, Scahill L: Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009, 29: 216-229. 10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.01.003.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"3_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2005.12.004","volume":"28","author":"JL Matson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matson JL, Nebel-Schwalm MS: Comorbid psychopathology with autism spectrum disorder in children: an overview. Res Dev Disabil. 2007, 28: 341-352. 10.1016\/j.ridd.2005.12.004.","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"3_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000536","volume":"5","author":"M Bucan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bucan M, Abrahams BS, Wang K, Glessner JT, Herman EI, Sonnenblick LI, Alvarez Retuerto AI, Imielinski M, Hadley D, Bradfield JP: Genome-wide analyses of exonic copy number variants in a family-based study point to novel autism susceptibility genes. PLoS Genet. 2009, 5: e1000536-10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000536.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"3_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.1\/jdbuxbaum","volume":"11","author":"JD Buxbaum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buxbaum JD: Multiple rare variants in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2009, 11: 35-43.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10519","volume":"114","author":"GL Hanna","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hanna GL, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Cox NJ, Boehnke M, Himle JA, Curtis GC, Leventhal BL, Cook EH: Genome-wide linkage analysis of families with obsessive-compulsive disorder ascertained through pediatric probands. Am J Med Genet. 2002, 114: 541-552. 10.1002\/ajmg.10519.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"3_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1086\/423899","volume":"75","author":"VL Willour","year":"2004","unstructured":"Willour VL, Yao Shugart Y, Samuels J, Grados M, Cullen B, Bienvenu OJ, Wang Y, Liang KY, Valle D, Hoehn-Saric R, Riddle M, Nestadt G: Replication study supports evidence for linkage to 9p24 in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Hum Genet. 2004, 75: 508-513. 10.1086\/423899.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.14","volume":"14","author":"K Allen-Brady","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allen-Brady K, Miller J, Matsunami N, Stevens J, Block H, Farley M, Krasny L, Pingree C, Lainhart J, Leppert M, McMahon WM, Coon H: A high-density SNP genome-wide linkage scan in a large autism extended pedigree. Mol Psychiatry. 2009, 14: 590-600. 10.1038\/mp.2008.14.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0576-4","volume":"38","author":"P Szatmari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Szatmari P, Georgiades S, Duku E, Zwaigenbaum L, Goldberg J, Bennett T: Alexithymia in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008, 38: 1859-1865. 10.1007\/s10803-008-0576-4.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"3_CR70","volume-title":"Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cohen J, Cohen P: Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 1983, Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers"}],"container-title":["Molecular Autism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/2040-2392-1-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T04:21:52Z","timestamp":1630470112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/molecularautism.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/2040-2392-1-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,22]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2040-2392-1-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"3"}}