{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:18:11Z","timestamp":1791263891985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Haploinsufficiency of <jats:italic>SHANK3<\/jats:italic>, due to either hemizygous gene deletion (termed 22q13 deletion syndrome or Phelan-McDermid syndrome) or to gene mutation, accounts for about 0.5% of the cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and\/or developmental delay, and there is evidence for a wider role for SHANK3 and glutamate signaling abnormalities in ASD and related conditions. Therapeutic approaches that reverse deficits in <jats:italic>SHANK3<\/jats:italic>-haploinsufficiency may therefore be broadly beneficial in ASD and in developmental delay.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We observed that daily intraperitoneal injections of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) over a 2-week period reversed deficits in hippocampal \u03b1-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) signaling, long-term potentiation (LTP), and motor performance that we had previously reported in <jats:italic>Shank3<\/jats:italic>-deficient mice. Positive effects were observed with an IGF-1 peptide derivative as well.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We observed significant beneficial effects of IGF-1 in a mouse model of ASD and of developmental delay. Studies in mouse and human neuronal models of Rett syndrome also show benefits with IGF-1, raising the possibility that this compound may have benefits broadly in ASD and related conditions, even with differing molecular etiology. Given the extensive safety data for IGF-1 in children with short stature due to primary IGF-1 deficiency, IGF-1 is an attractive candidate for controlled clinical trials in <jats:italic>SHANK3<\/jats:italic>-deficiency and in ASD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-4-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,27]],"date-time":"2013-04-27T06:14:43Z","timestamp":1367043283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Insulin-like growth factor-1 rescues synaptic and motor deficits in a mouse model of autism and developmental delay"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Bozdagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Tavassoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D","family":"Buxbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"61_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00931.x","volume":"81","author":"TM Boeckers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boeckers TM, Bockmann J, Kreutz MR, Gundelfinger ED: ProSAP\/Shank proteins - a family of higher order organizing molecules of the postsynaptic density with an emerging role in human neurological disease. 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