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Members of the genus<jats:italic>Plectus<\/jats:italic>(clade 6) seem to be suitable candidates to show variety, with certain idiosyncratic features during early development and the convenient availability of cultivatable species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted using 4-D lineage analysis, 3-D modeling of developing embryos and laser-induced ablation of individual blastomeres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detailed cell lineage studies of several<jats:italic>Plectus<\/jats:italic>species reveal that pattern formation and cell fate assignment differ markedly from<jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>. Descendants of the first somatic founder cell S1 (AB) - but not the progeny of other founder cells - demonstrate extremely variable spatial arrangements illustrating that here distinct early cell-cell interactions between invariant partners, as found in<jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>, cannot take place. Different from<jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>, in<jats:italic>Plectus<\/jats:italic>alternative positional variations among early S1 blastomeres resulting in a \u2018situs inversus\u2019 pattern, nevertheless give rise to adults with normal left-right asymmetries. In addition, laser ablations of early blastomeres uncover inductions between variable cell partners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that embryonic cell specification in<jats:italic>Plectus<\/jats:italic>is not correlated with cell lineage but with position. With this peculiarity,<jats:italic>Plectus<\/jats:italic>appears to occupy an intermediate position between basal nematodes displaying a variable early development and the<jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>-like invariant pattern. We suggest that indeterminate pattern formation associated with late, position-dependent fate assignment represents a plesiomorphic character among nematodes predominant in certain basal clades but lost in derived clades. Thus, the behavior of S1 cells in<jats:italic>Plectus<\/jats:italic>can be considered an evolutionary relict in a transition phase between two different developmental strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-9139-3-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,2]],"date-time":"2012-07-02T08:14:07Z","timestamp":1341216847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Plectus - a stepping stone in embryonic cell lineage evolution of nematodes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Schulze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Houthoofd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Uenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Vangestel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Einhard","family":"Schierenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"50_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15386","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403984101","volume":"101","author":"EJ Douzery","year":"2004","unstructured":"Douzery EJ, Snell EA, Bapteste E, Delsuc F, Philippe H: The timing of eukaryotic evolution: does a relaxed molecular clock reconcile proteins and fossils?. 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