{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T07:32:51Z","timestamp":1794468771129,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fluids Barriers CNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) enables quantification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and total cerebral blood (tCBF) flow and may be of value for the etiological diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. This investigation aimed to study CSF flow and intracerebral vascular flow in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and to compare the results with patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and with healthy elderly volunteers (HEV).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ten a-MCI and 9 mild AD patients were identified in a comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological assessment. They underwent brain MRI; PC-MRI pulse sequence was performed with the following parameters: two views per segment; flip angle: 25\u00b0 for vascular flow and 20\u00b0 for CSF flow; field-of-view (FOV): 14 \u00d7 14 mm\u00b2; matrix: 256 \u00d7 128; slice thickness: 5 mm; with one excitation for exams on the 3 T machine, and 2 excitations for the 1.5 T machine exams. Velocity (encoding) sensitization was set to 80 cm\/s for the vessels at the cervical level, 10 or 20 cm\/s for the aqueduct and 5 cm\/s for the cervical subarachnoid space (SAS). Dynamic flow images were analyzed with in-house processing software. The patients' results were compared with those obtained for HEVs (n = 12), and for NPH patients (n = 13), using multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Arterial tCBF and the calculated pulsatility index were significantly greater in a-MCI patients than in HEVs. In contrast, vascular parameters were lower in NPH patients. Cervical CSF flow analysis yielded similar values for all four populations. Aqueductal CSF stroke volumes (in \u03bcl per cardiac cycle) were similar in HEVs (34 \u00b1 17) and AD patients (39 \u00b1 18). In contrast, the aqueductal CSF was hyperdynamic in a-MCI patients (73 \u00b1 33) and even more so in NPH patients (167 \u00b1 89).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our preliminary data show that a-MCI patients present with high systolic arterial peak flows, which are associated with higher mean total cerebral arterial flows. Aqueductal CSF oscillations are within normal range in AD and higher than normal in NPH. This study provides an original dynamic vision of cerebral neurodegenerative diseases, consistent with the vascular theory for AD, and supporting primary flow disturbances different from those observed in NPH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-8-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,17]],"date-time":"2011-02-17T19:15:51Z","timestamp":1297970151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a differential diagnosis from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Soraya","family":"El Sankari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Gondry-Jouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Fichten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Godefroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Marie","family":"Serot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Deramond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc Etienne","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Bal\u00e9dent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"12_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.4","volume":"54","author":"A Lobo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lobo A, Launer LJ, Fratiglioni L, Andersen K, Di Carlo A, Breteler MM, Copeland JR, Dartigues JF, Jagger C, Martinez-Lage J, Soininen H, Hofman A: Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology. 2000, 54: S4-9.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.12.1985","volume":"58","author":"RC Petersen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs RC, Morris JC, Rabins PV, Ritchie K, Rossor M, Thal L, Winblad B: Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol. 2001, 58: 1985-1992. 10.1001\/archneur.58.12.1985.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"12_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.05.016","volume":"42","author":"L Mosconi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mosconi L, Brys M, Glodzik-Sobanska L, De Santi S, Rusinek H, de Leon MJ: Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using neuroimaging. Exp Gerontol. 2007, 42: 129-138. 10.1016\/j.exger.2006.05.016.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00476-5","volume":"95","author":"M Bobinski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bobinski M, de Leon MJ, Wegiel J, Desanti S, Convit A, Saint Louis LA, Rusinek H, Wisniewski HM: The histological validation of post mortem magnetic resonance imaging-determined hippocampal volume in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience. 2000, 95: 721-725. 10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00476-5.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"12_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00114-0","volume":"18","author":"L Detoledo-Morrell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Detoledo-Morrell L, Sullivan MP, Morrell F, Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Spencer S: Alzheimer's disease: in vivo detection of differential vulnerability of brain regions. Neurobiol Aging. 1997, 18: 463-468. 10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00114-0.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"12_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00001-8","volume":"18","author":"A Convit","year":"1997","unstructured":"Convit A, De Leon MJ, Tarshish C, De Santi S, Tsui W, Rusinek H, George A: Specific hippocampal volume reductions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 1997, 18: 131-138. 10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00001-8.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"12_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050387","volume":"246","author":"PJ Visser","year":"1999","unstructured":"Visser PJ, Scheltens P, Verhey FR, Schmand B, Launer LJ, Jolles J, Jonker C: Medial temporal lobe atrophy and memory dysfunction as predictors for dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. J Neurol. 1999, 246: 477-485. 10.1007\/s004150050387.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"12_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(00)00293-3","volume":"26","author":"P Scheel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scheel P, Ruge C, Schoning M: Flow velocity and flow volume measurements in the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries in healthy adults: reference data and the effects of age. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2000, 26: 1261-1266. 10.1016\/S0301-5629(00)00293-3.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12_CR9","first-page":"S10","volume":"2","author":"S Hoyer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hoyer S: Normal and abnormal circulation and oxidative metabolism in the aging human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1982, 2 (Suppl 1): S10-13.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"12_CR10","first-page":"95","volume":"13","author":"A Kashimada","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kashimada A, Machida K, Honda N, Mamiya T, Takahashi T, Kamano T, Osada H: Measurement of cerebral blood flow with two-dimensional cine phase-contrast mR imaging: evaluation of normal subjects and patients with vertigo. Radiat Med. 1995, 13: 95-102.","journal-title":"Radiat Med"},{"key":"12_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.209.3.9844657","volume":"209","author":"PC Buijs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Buijs PC, Krabbe-Hartkamp MJ, Bakker CJ, de Lange EE, Ramos LM, Breteler MM, Mali WP: Effect of age on cerebral blood flow: measurement with ungated two-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiography in 250 adults. Radiology. 1998, 209: 667-674.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"12_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600462","volume":"27","author":"S Stoquart-ElSankari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stoquart-ElSankari S, Baledent O, Gondry-Jouet C, Makki M, Godefroy O, Meyer ME: Aging effects on cerebral blood and cerebrospinal fluid flows. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007, 27: 1563-1572. 10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600462.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"12_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-005-1762-7","volume":"32","author":"L Mosconi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mosconi L: Brain glucose metabolism in the early and specific diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. FDG-PET studies in MCI and AD. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005, 32: 486-510. 10.1007\/s00259-005-1762-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"12_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1357","volume":"30","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Gu ZX, Wei WS: Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and structural MR imaging for prediction of rapid conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009, 30: 404-410. 10.3174\/ajnr.A1357.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"12_CR15","first-page":"1638","volume":"22","author":"WG Bradley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bradley WG: Normal pressure hydrocephalus and deep white matter ischemia: which is the chicken, and which is the egg?. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001, 22: 1638-1640.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"12_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0739","volume":"29","author":"GA Bateman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bateman GA: The pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: cerebral ischemia or altered venous hemodynamics?. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008, 29: 198-203. 10.3174\/ajnr.A0739.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"12_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.08.013","volume":"70","author":"H Williams","year":"2008","unstructured":"Williams H: The venous hypothesis of hydrocephalus. Med Hypotheses. 2008, 70: 743-747. 10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.08.013.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"12_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)09234-9","volume":"351","author":"E Rubenstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rubenstein E: Relationship of senescence of cerebrospinal fluid circulatory system to dementias of the aged. Lancet. 1998, 351: 283-285. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)09234-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"12_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007412","volume":"99","author":"JM Serot","year":"2000","unstructured":"Serot JM, Bene MC, Foliguet B, Faure GC: Morphological alterations of the choroid plexus in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2000, 99: 105-108. 10.1007\/PL00007412.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"12_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00330-X","volume":"62","author":"GA Bateman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bateman GA: Pulse wave encephalopathy: a spectrum hypothesis incorporating Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and normal pressure hydrocephalus. Med Hypotheses. 2004, 62: 182-187. 10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00330-X.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"12_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(00)00195-8","volume":"18","author":"SJ Uftring","year":"2000","unstructured":"Uftring SJ, Chu D, Alperin N, Levin DN: The mechanical state of intracranial tissues in elderly subjects studied by imaging CSF and brain pulsations. Magn Reson Imaging. 2000, 18: 991-996. 10.1016\/S0730-725X(00)00195-8.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"12_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-3-7","volume":"3","author":"G Silverberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silverberg G, Mayo M, Saul T, Fellmann J, McGuire D: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2006, 3: 7-10.1186\/1743-8454-3-7.","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"},{"key":"12_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00487-3","volume":"2","author":"GD Silverberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Silverberg GD, Mayo M, Saul T, Rubenstein E, McGuire D: Alzheimer's disease, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and senescent changes in CSF circulatory physiology: a hypothesis. Lancet Neurol. 2003, 2: 506-511. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00487-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"12_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000031794.42077.A1","volume":"59","author":"GD Silverberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silverberg GD, Levinthal E, Sullivan EV, Bloch DA, Chang SD, Leverenz J, Flitman S, Winn R, Marciano F, Saul T, Huhn S, Mayo M, McGuire D: Assessment of low-flow CSF drainage as a treatment for AD: results of a randomized pilot study. Neurology. 2002, 59: 1139-1145.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.6.778","volume":"68","author":"J Golomb","year":"2000","unstructured":"Golomb J, Wisoff J, Miller DC, Boksay I, Kluger A, Weiner H, Salton J, Graves W: Alzheimer's disease comorbidity in normal pressure hydrocephalus: prevalence and shunt response. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000, 68: 778-781. 10.1136\/jnnp.68.6.778.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"12_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050386","volume":"141","author":"S Savolainen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Savolainen S, Paljarvi L, Vapalahti M: Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in patients investigated for presumed normal pressure hydrocephalus: a clinical and neuropathological study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1999, 141: 849-853. 10.1007\/s007010050386.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"12_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000100892.87214.49","volume":"39","author":"O Baledent","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baledent O, Gondry-Jouet C, Meyer ME, De Marco G, Le Gars D, Henry-Feugeas MC, Idy-Peretti I: Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and blood dynamics in healthy volunteers and patients with communicating hydrocephalus. Invest Radiol. 2004, 39: 45-55. 10.1097\/01.rli.0000100892.87214.49.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"12_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.4065\/77.6.509","volume":"77","author":"GR Dixon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dixon GR, Friedman JA, Luetmer PH, Quast LM, McClelland RL, Petersen RC, Maher CO, Ebersold MJ: Use of cerebrospinal fluid flow rates measured by phase-contrast MR to predict outcome of ventriculoperitoneal shunting for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002, 77: 509-514. 10.4065\/77.6.509.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"12_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","volume":"34","author":"G McKhann","year":"1984","unstructured":"McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984, 34: 939-944.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"12_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: \"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975, 12: 189-198. 10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"12_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-32318-X_48","volume":"95","author":"A Marmarou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marmarou A, Black P, Bergsneider M, Klinge P, Relkin N: Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: progress to date. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2005, 95: 237-240. full_text.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"12_CR32","first-page":"1301","volume":"14","author":"DR Enzmann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Enzmann DR, Pelc NJ: Cerebrospinal fluid flow measured by phase-contrast cine MR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1993, 14: 1301-1307. discussion 1309-1310","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"12_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519403500204","volume":"35","author":"F Barkhof","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barkhof F, Kouwenhoven M, Scheltens P, Sprenger M, Algra P, Valk J: Phase-contrast cine MR imaging of normal aqueductal CSF flow. Effect of aging and relation to CSF void on modulus MR. Acta Radiol. 1994, 35: 123-130.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"12_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)91903-5","volume":"1","author":"T Greitz","year":"1969","unstructured":"Greitz T: Effect of brain distension on cerebral circulation. Lancet. 1969, 1: 863-865. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)91903-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"12_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200203000-00020","volume":"50","author":"PH Luetmer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Luetmer PH, Huston J, Friedman JA, Dixon GR, Petersen RC, Jack CR, McClelland RL, Ebersold MJ: Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow at the cerebral aqueduct by use of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: technique validation and utility in diagnosing idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2002, 50: 534-543. 10.1097\/00006123-200203000-00020. discussion 543-534","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"12_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-200107000-00003","volume":"36","author":"O Baledent","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baledent O, Henry-Feugeas MC, Idy-Peretti I: Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and relation with blood flow: a magnetic resonance study with semiautomated cerebrospinal fluid segmentation. Invest Radiol. 2001, 36: 368-377. 10.1097\/00004424-200107000-00003.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"12_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00596493","volume":"34","author":"D Greitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Greitz D, Wirestam R, Franck A, Nordell B, Thomsen C, Stahlberg F: Pulsatile brain movement and associated hydrodynamics studied by magnetic resonance phase imaging. The Monro-Kellie doctrine revisited. Neuroradiology. 1992, 34: 370-380. 10.1007\/BF00596493.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"12_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00364-5","volume":"1","author":"LJ Launer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Launer LJ: Demonstrating the case that AD is a vascular disease: epidemiologic evidence. Ageing Res Rev. 2002, 1: 61-77. 10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00364-5.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"12_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06356.x","volume":"903","author":"RO Weller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weller RO, Massey A, Kuo YM, Roher AE: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: accumulation of A beta in interstitial fluid drainage pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000, 903: 110-117. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06356.x.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"12_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00180-Z","volume":"35","author":"RN Kalaria","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kalaria RN, Premkumar DR, Pax AB, Cohen DL, Lieberburg I: Production and increased detection of amyloid beta protein and amyloidogenic fragments in brain microvessels, meningeal vessels and choroid plexus in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1996, 35: 58-68. 10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00180-Z.","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"12_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.2.228","volume":"24","author":"F Ries","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ries F, Horn R, Hillekamp J, Honisch C, Konig M, Solymosi L: Differentiation of multi-infarct and Alzheimer dementia by intracranial hemodynamic parameters. Stroke. 1993, 24: 228-235.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"12_CR42","first-page":"41","volume":"7","author":"H Sattel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sattel H, Forstl H, Biedert S: Senile dementia of Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia investigated by transcranial Doppler sonography. Dementia. 1996, 7: 41-46.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"12_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-005-1418-0","volume":"47","author":"GA Bateman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bateman GA, Levi CR, Schofield P, Wang Y, Lovett EC: The pathophysiology of the aqueduct stroke volume in normal pressure hydrocephalus: can co-morbidity with other forms of dementia be excluded?. Neuroradiology. 2005, 47: 741-748. 10.1007\/s00234-005-1418-0.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"12_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313582","volume":"10","author":"HD Portnoy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Portnoy HD, Branch C, Castro ME: The relationship of intracranial venous pressure to hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst. 1994, 10: 29-35. 10.1007\/BF00313582.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"}],"container-title":["Fluids and Barriers of the CNS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/2045-8118-8-12.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T13:09:02Z","timestamp":1630501742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/2045-8118-8-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2045-8118-8-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8118","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"12"}}