{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:53:29Z","timestamp":1773406409177,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400198400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Syst Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-45","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T21:02:11Z","timestamp":1400274131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Sex differences in outcomes of methadone maintenance treatment for opioid addiction: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Bawor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany B","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Anglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meir","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lehana","family":"Thabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Samaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"217_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1011512","volume":"363","author":"S Okie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okie S: A flood of opioids, a rising tide of deaths. N Engl J Med. 2010, 363: 1981-1985. 10.1056\/NEJMp1011512.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"217_CR2","volume-title":"National Vital Statistics System","author":"CDC","year":"2011","unstructured":"CDC: Multiple cause of death data. National Vital Statistics System. 2011, Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"217_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12224","volume":"109","author":"B Fischer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fischer B, Keates A, Buhringer G, Reimer J, Rehm J: Non-medical use of prescription opioids and prescription opioid-related harms: why so markedly higher in North America compared to the rest of the world?. Addiction. 2013, 109: 177-","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"217_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404324","volume":"98","author":"M Firestone Cruz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Firestone Cruz M, Fischer B, Patra J, Kalousek K, Newton-Taylor B, Rehm J, Tyndall M: Prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis C infection (HCV) in a multi-site Canadian population of illicit opioid and other drug users (OPICAN). Can J Public Health. 2007, 98: 130-133.","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"217_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830130077015","volume":"54","author":"RK Brooner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brooner RK, King VL, Kidorf M, Schmidt CW, Bigelow GE: Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity among treatment-seeking opioid abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997, 54: 71-80. 10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830130077015.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"217_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(93)90064-W","volume":"31","author":"W Hall","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hall W, Bell J, Carless J: Crime and drug use among applicants for methadone maintenance. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1993, 31: 123-129. 10.1016\/0376-8716(93)90064-W.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"217_CR7","first-page":"CD002209","volume":"3","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M: Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009, 3: CD002209-","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"217_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.22.1936","volume":"280","author":"National Consensus Development Panel on Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction","year":"1998","unstructured":"National Consensus Development Panel on Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction: Effective medical treatment of opiate addiction. JAMA. 1998, 280: 1936-1943. 10.1001\/jama.280.22.1936.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"217_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2307\/3343343","volume":"21","author":"B Fischer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fischer B: Prescriptions, power and politics: the turbulent history of methadone maintenance in Canada. J Public Health Policy. 2000, 21: 187-210. 10.2307\/3343343.","journal-title":"J Public Health Policy"},{"key":"217_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370605101002","volume":"51","author":"B Fischer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fischer B, Cruz MF, Rehm J: Illicit opioid use and its key characteristics: a select overview and evidence from a Canadian multisite cohort of illicit opioid users (OPICAN). Can J Psychiatry. 2006, 51: 624-634.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"217_CR11","volume-title":"Methadone","author":"Mental Health and Addiction Information","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mental Health and Addiction Information: Methadone. 2010, Toronto, ON: CAMH,http:\/\/www.camh.ca\/en\/hospital\/health_information\/a_z_mental_health_and_addiction_information\/methadone\/Pages\/methadone.aspx,"},{"key":"217_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256276","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li Y, Kantelip JP, Gerritsen-van Schieveen P, Davani S: Interindividual variability of methadone response: impact of genetic polymorphism. Mol Diagn Ther. 2008, 12: 109-124. 10.1007\/BF03256276.","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"217_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359909004395","volume":"7","author":"B Fischer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fischer B, Medved W, Gliksman L, Rehm J: Illicit opiate users in Toronto: a profile of current users. Addict Res. 1999, 7: 377-415. 10.3109\/16066359909004395.","journal-title":"Addict Res"},{"key":"217_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060729","volume":"175","author":"B Fischer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fischer B, Rehm J, Patra J, Cruz MF: Changes in illicit opioid use across Canada. CMAJ. 2006, 175: 1385-10.1503\/cmaj.060729.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"217_CR15","volume-title":"Summary of findings from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2001","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Summary of findings from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. 2001, Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies"},{"key":"217_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.03.013","volume":"36","author":"SE Back","year":"2011","unstructured":"Back SE, Lawson KM, Singleton LM, Brady KT: Characteristics and correlates of men and women with prescription opioid dependence. Addict Behav. 2011, 36: 829-834. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.03.013.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"217_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089909039401","volume":"34","author":"LR Chatham","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chatham LR, Hiller ML, Rowan-Szal GA, Joe GW, Simpson DD: Gender differences at admission and follow-up in a sample of methadone maintenance clients. Subst Use Misuse. 1999, 34: 1137-1165. 10.3109\/10826089909039401.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"217_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.06.018","volume":"35","author":"SE Back","year":"2010","unstructured":"Back SE, Payne RL, Simpson AN, Brady KT: Gender and prescription opioids: findings from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Addict Behav. 2010, 35: 1001-1007. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.06.018.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"217_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.596982","volume":"37","author":"SE Back","year":"2011","unstructured":"Back SE, Payne RL, Wahlquist AH, Carter RE, Stroud Z, Haynes L, Hillhouse M, Brady KT, Ling W: Comparative profiles of men and women with opioid dependence: results from a national multisite effectiveness trial. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2011, 37: 313-323. 10.3109\/00952990.2011.596982.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"217_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2010.10399789","volume":"42","author":"I Maremmani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maremmani I, Stefania C, Pacini M, Maremmani AG, Carlini M, Golia F, Deltito J, Dell'Osso L: Differential substance abuse patterns distribute according to gender in heroin addicts. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2010, 42: 89-95. 10.1080\/02791072.2010.10399789.","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"217_CR21","first-page":"172","volume":"21","author":"CK Chen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chen CK, Shu LW, Liang PL, Hung TM, Lin SK: Drug use patterns and gender differences among heroin addicts hospitalized for detoxification. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1998, 21: 172-178.","journal-title":"Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"217_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2013.795466","volume":"32","author":"HC Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin HC, Chang YP, Wang PW, Wu HC, Yen CN, Yeh YC, Chung KS, Chang HC, Yen CF: Gender differences in heroin users receiving methadone maintenance therapy in Taiwan. J Addict Dis. 2013, 32: 140-149. 10.1080\/10550887.2013.795466.","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"217_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120020524","volume":"29","author":"S Acharyya","year":"2003","unstructured":"Acharyya S, Zhang H: Assessing sex differences on treatment effectiveness from the drug abuse treatment outcome study (DATOS). Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2003, 29: 415-444. 10.1081\/ADA-120020524.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"217_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.012","volume":"86","author":"SF Greenfield","year":"2007","unstructured":"Greenfield SF, Brooks AJ, Gordon SM, Green CA, Kropp F, McHugh RK, Lincoln M, Hien D, Miele GM: Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: a review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007, 86: 21-","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"217_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2190\/IQ.30.1.d","volume":"30","author":"RN Goldbarg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldbarg RN, Brown EJ: Gender, personal networks, and drug use among rural African Americans. Int Q Community Health Educ. 2009, 30: 41-54. 10.2190\/IQ.30.1.d.","journal-title":"Int Q Community Health Educ"},{"key":"217_CR26","volume-title":"National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Service, DASIS Series: S-23 vol","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Oo, National ASTEDST, Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Service DSS-, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 04\u20133965","year":"2004","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Oo, National ASTEDST, Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Service DSS-, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 04\u20133965: Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1992\u20132002. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Service, DASIS Series: S-23 vol. 2004, Rockville, MD: DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 04\u20133965"},{"key":"217_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301243","volume":"32","author":"M Haney","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haney M: Opioid antagonism of cannabinoid effects: differences between marijuana smokers and nonmarijuana smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007, 32: 1391-1403. 10.1038\/sj.npp.1301243.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"217_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.1.83","volume":"85","author":"DM Hartel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hartel DM, Schoenbaum EE, Selwyn PA, Kline J, Davenny K, Klein RS, Friedland GH: Heroin use during methadone maintenance treatment: the importance of methadone dose and cocaine use. Am J Public Health. 1995, 85: 83-88. 10.2105\/AJPH.85.1.83.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"217_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02056.x","volume":"103","author":"JM Tetrault","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tetrault JM, Desai RA, Becker WC, Fiellin DA, Concato J, Sullivan LE: Gender and non-medical use of prescription opioids: results from a national US survey. Addiction. 2008, 103: 258-268. 10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02056.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"217_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.07.009","volume":"32","author":"S Crettol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crettol S, Besson J, Croquette-Krokar M, Hammig R, Gothuey I, Monnat M, Deglon JJ, Preisig M, Eap CB: Association of dopamine and opioid receptor genetic polymorphisms with response to methadone maintenance treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008, 32: 1722-1727. 10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.07.009.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"217_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00858.x","volume":"11","author":"JC Tsao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsao JC, Stein JA, Dobalian A: Sex differences in pain and misuse of prescription analgesics among persons with HIV. Pain Med. 2010, 11: 815-824. 10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00858.x.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"217_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802585414","volume":"35","author":"SY Kang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang SY, Deren S, Colon H: Gender comparisons of factors associated with drug treatment utilization among Puerto Rican drug users. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2009, 35: 73-79. 10.1080\/00952990802585414.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"217_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.09.009","volume":"37","author":"L Sordo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sordo L, Chahua M, Bravo MJ, Barrio G, Brugal MT, Domingo-Salvany A, Molist G, De la Fuente L: Depression among regular heroin users: the influence of gender. Addict Behav. 2012, 37: 148-152. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.09.009.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"217_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.12.029","volume":"36","author":"CTC Okoli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okoli CTC, Khara M, Torchalla I, Ensom MHH, Oliffe JL, Bottorff JL, Stanley PJ: Sex differences in smoking cessation outcomes of a tailored program for individuals with substance use disorders and mental illness. Addict Behav. 2011, 36: 523-526. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.12.029.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"217_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000083035","volume":"11","author":"SM Giacomuzzi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Giacomuzzi SM, Riemer Y, Ertl M, Kemmler G, Rossler H, Hinterhuber H, Kurz M: Gender differences in health-related quality of life on admission to a maintenance treatment program. Eur Addict Res. 2005, 11: 69-75. 10.1159\/000083035.","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"217_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490590949569","volume":"14","author":"HE Jones","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jones HE, Fitzgerald H, Johnson RE: Males and females differ in response to opioid agonist medications. Am J Addict. 2005, 14: 223-233. 10.1080\/10550490590949569.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"217_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1980.10471552","volume":"12","author":"LJ Savage","year":"1980","unstructured":"Savage LJ, Simpson DD: Posttreatment outcomes of sex and ethnic groups treated in methadone maintenance during 1969\u20131972. J Psychedelic Drugs. 1980, 12: 55-64. 10.1080\/02791072.1980.10471552.","journal-title":"J Psychedelic Drugs"},{"key":"217_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v25n02_06","volume":"25","author":"E Peles","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peles E, Adelson M: Gender differences and pregnant women in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic. J Addict Dis. 2006, 25: 39-45. 10.1300\/J069v25n02_06.","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"217_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3109\/00952998609016873","volume":"12","author":"KL Marsh","year":"1986","unstructured":"Marsh KL, Simpson DD: Sex differences in opioid addiction careers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1986, 12: 309-329. 10.3109\/00952998609016873.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"217_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.11.028","volume":"37","author":"CE Grella","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grella CE, Lovinger K: Gender differences in physical and mental health outcomes among an aging cohort of individuals with a history of heroin dependence. Addict Behav. 2012, 37: 306-312. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.11.028.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"217_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00136-7","volume":"54","author":"FD Mulvaney","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mulvaney FD, Brown LS, Alterman AI, Sage RE, Cnaan A, Cacciola J, Rutherford M: Methadone-maintenance outcomes for Hispanic and African\u2013American men and women. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1999, 54: 11-18. 10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00136-7.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"217_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v17n03_05","volume":"17","author":"S Magura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Magura S, Kang S-Y, Rosenblum A, Handelsman L, Foote J: Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity among cocaine-using opiate addicts. J Addict Dis. 1998, 17: 49-61.","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"217_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.9.1309","volume":"152","author":"MJ Rutherford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rutherford MJ, Alterman AI, Cacciola JS, Snider EC: Gender differences in diagnosing antisocial personality disorder in methadone patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1995, 152: 1309-1316.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"217_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(80)90187-8","volume":"5","author":"RA Steer","year":"1980","unstructured":"Steer RA, Kotzker E: Affective changes in male and female methadone patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1980, 5: 115-122. 10.1016\/0376-8716(80)90187-8.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"217_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.07.019","volume":"36","author":"L Jimenez-Trevino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jimenez-Trevino L, Saiz PA, Garcia-Portilla MP, Diaz-Mesa EM, Sanchez-Lasheras F, Buron P, Casares MJ, Marina P, Gutierrez E, Bobes J: A 25-year follow-up of patients admitted to methadone treatment for the first time: mortality and gender differences. Addict Behav. 2011, 36: 1184-1190. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.07.019.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"217_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(96)01235-5","volume":"41","author":"LM Camacho","year":"1996","unstructured":"Camacho LM, Bartholomew NG, Joe GW, Cloud MA, Simpson DD: Gender, cocaine and during-treatment HIV risk reduction among injection opioid users in methadone maintenance. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1996, 41: 1-7. 10.1016\/0376-8716(96)01235-5.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"217_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999609001677","volume":"22","author":"EA Wells","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wells EA, Calsyn DA, Clark LL, Jackson TR, Saxon AJ: Retention in methadone maintenance is associated with reductions in different HIV risk behaviors for women and men. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1996, 22: 509-521. 10.3109\/00952999609001677.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"217_CR48","first-page":"360","volume":"37","author":"AJ Viera","year":"2005","unstructured":"Viera AJ, Garrett JM: Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam Med. 2005, 37: 360-363.","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"217_CR49","volume-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses","author":"G Wells","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wells G, Shea B, O\u2019connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P: The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses. 1999, Ottawa, ON: Ottawa Health Research Institute"},{"key":"217_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","volume":"343","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Juni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Savovic J, Schulz KF, Weeks L, Sterne JA: The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011, 343: d5928-10.1136\/bmj.d5928.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"217_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009, 6: e1000097-10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/2046-4053-3-45.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/2046-4053-3-45\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/2046-4053-3-45","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/2046-4053-3-45.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T03:58:34Z","timestamp":1630555114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/2046-4053-3-45"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-4053-3-45","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 January 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"45"}}