{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:07:28Z","timestamp":1789956448031,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing-enterobacteriacae (ESBL-E) infection is rising worldwide. We aimed to determine the prevalence and nosocomial acquisition rate of ESBL-E as well as the risk factors for ESBL-E carriage and acquisition amongst patients consecutively admitted to 13 internal medicine units at our hospital who were not previously known to be ESBL-E carriers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We screened all patients admitted or transferred to internal medicine units for ESBL-E on admission and discharge using rectal swabs. Of 1072 patients screened, 51 (4.8%) were carriers of an ESBL-E at admission. Of 473 patients who underwent admission and discharge screening, 21 (4.4%) acquired an ESBL-E. On multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus without end-organ complications (OR 2.87 [1.09-7.08]), connective tissue disease (OR 7.22 [1.17-44.59]), and liver failure (OR 8.39 [1.55-45.45]) were independent risk factors for carriage of an ESBL-E upon admission to hospital (area under the ROC curve, 0.68). Receipt of a first- or second-generation cephalosporin (OR 9.25 [2.22-37.82]), intra-hospital transfer (OR 6.68 [1.71-26.06]), and a hospital stay &gt;21\u00a0days (OR 25.17 [4.18-151.68]) were associated with acquisition of an ESBL-E during hospitalisation; whilst admission from home was protective (OR 0.16 [0.06-0.39]) on univariate regression. No risk profile with sufficient accuracy to predict previously unknown carriage on admission or acquisition of ESBL-E could be developed using readily available patient information.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>ESBL-E carriage is endemic amongst internal medicine patients at our institution. We were unable to develop a clinical risk profile to accurately predict ESBL-E carriage amongst these patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-2994-2-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]],"date-time":"2013-06-12T14:14:43Z","timestamp":1371046483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriacae among internal medicine patients in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Janet","family":"Pasricha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaud","family":"Koessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Harbarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Schrenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Camus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Perrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Pittet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Iten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01358.x","volume":"12","author":"C Pena","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pena C, Gudiol C, Tubau F, Saballs M, Pujol M, Dominguez MA, Calatayud L, Ariza J, Gudiol F: Risk-factors for acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among hospitalised patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006, 12: 279-284. 10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01358.x.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"555_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.08.011","volume":"9","author":"R Canton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Canton R, Coque TM: The CTX-M beta-lactamase pandemic. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006, 9: 466-475. 10.1016\/j.mib.2006.08.011.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"555_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1086\/669086","volume":"34","author":"A Stewardson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stewardson A, Fankhauser C, De Angelis G, Rohner P, Safran E, Schrenzel J, Pittet D, Harbarth S: Burden of bloodstream infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae determined using multistate modeling at a Swiss University Hospital and a nationwide predictive model. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013, 34: 133-143. 10.1086\/669086.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"555_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.09.011","volume":"35","author":"AD Harris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harris AD, Kotetishvili M, Shurland S, Johnson JA, Morris JG, Nemoy LL, Johnson JK: How important is patient-to-patient transmission in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli acquisition. Am J Infect Control. 2007, 35: 97-101. 10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.09.011.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"555_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62678","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062678","volume":"8","author":"CF Lowe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lowe CF, Katz K, McGeer AJ, Muller MP: Efficacy of admission screening for extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae. PLoS One. 2013, 8: e62678-10.1371\/journal.pone.0062678.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"555_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1086\/345921","volume":"186","author":"MA Gardam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gardam MA, Burrows LL, Kus JV, Brunton J, Low DE, Conly JM, Humar A: Is surveillance for multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae an effective infection control strategy in the absence of an outbreak?. J Infect Dis. 2002, 186: 1754-1760. 10.1086\/345921.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"555_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1086\/502305","volume":"25","author":"M Thouverez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thouverez M, Talon D, Bertrand X: Control of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in intensive care units: rectal screening may not be needed in non-epidemic situations. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004, 25: 838-841. 10.1086\/502305.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"555_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1086\/669858","volume":"34","author":"SW Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson SW, Anderson DJ, May DB, Drew RH: Utility of a clinical risk factor scoring model in predicting infection with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae on hospital admission. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013, 34: 385-392. 10.1086\/669858.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"555_CR9","first-page":"172","volume":"10","author":"JR Zahar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zahar JR, Lortholary O, Martin C, Potel G, Plesiat P, Nordmann P: Addressing the challenge of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2009, 10: 172-180.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"555_CR10","first-page":"747","volume":"139","author":"C Fankhauser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fankhauser C, Zingg W, Francois P, Dharan S, Schrenzel J, Pittet D, Harbarth S: Surveillance of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Swiss Tertiary Care Hospital. Swiss Med Wkly. 2009, 139: 747-751.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"555_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1086\/604713","volume":"49","author":"R Ben-Ami","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ben-Ami R, Rodriguez-Bano J, Arslan H, Pitout JD, Quentin C, Calbo ES, Azap OK, Arpin C, Pascual A, Livermore DM: A multinational survey of risk factors for infection with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in nonhospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2009, 49: 682-690. 10.1086\/604713.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"555_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1086\/668443","volume":"33","author":"JH Han","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han JH, Nachamkin I, Zaoutis TE, Coffin SE, Linkin DR, Fishman NO, Weiner MG, Hu B, Tolomeo P, Lautenbach E: Risk factors for gastrointestinal tract colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in hospitalized patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012, 33: 1242-1245. 10.1086\/668443.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"555_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-41","volume":"9","author":"KH Song","year":"2009","unstructured":"Song KH, Jeon JH, Park WB, Park SW, Kim HB, Oh MD, Lee HS, Kim NJ, Choe KW: Clinical outcomes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species: a retrospective matched case\u2013control study. BMC Infect Dis. 2009, 9: 41-10.1186\/1471-2334-9-41.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"555_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1806.110139","volume":"18","author":"F Bert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bert F, Larroque B, Paugam-Burtz C, Dondero F, Durand F, Marcon E, Belghiti J, Moreau R, Nicolas-Chanoine MH: Pretransplant fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and infection after liver transplant, France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012, 18: 908-916. 10.3201\/eid1806.110139.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"555_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1086\/498519","volume":"42","author":"J Rodriguez-Bano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Bano J, Navarro MD, Romero L, Muniain MA, Perea EJ, Perez-Cano R, Hernandez JR, Pascual A: Clinical and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli as a cause of nosocomial infection or colonization: implications for control. Clin Infect Dis. 2006, 42: 37-45. 10.1086\/498519.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"555_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp220","volume":"64","author":"PJ Rooney","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rooney PJ, O\u2019Leary MC, Loughrey AC, McCalmont M, Smyth B, Donaghy P, Badri M, Woodford N, Karisik E, Livermore DM: Nursing homes as a reservoir of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009, 64: 635-641. 10.1093\/jac\/dkp220.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"555_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1086\/500936","volume":"42","author":"R Ben-Ami","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ben-Ami R, Schwaber MJ, Navon-Venezia S, Schwartz D, Giladi M, Chmelnitsky I, Leavitt A, Carmeli Y: Influx of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae into the hospital. Clin Infect Dis. 2006, 42: 925-934. 10.1086\/500936.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"555_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1313-z","volume":"31","author":"E Ruppe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruppe E, Pitsch A, Tubach F, de Lastours V, Chau F, Pasquet B, Lucet JC, Andremont A, Fantin B: Clinical predictive values of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase carriage in patients admitted to medical wards. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012, 31: 319-325. 10.1007\/s10096-011-1313-z.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"555_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1086\/522678","volume":"28","author":"C Buke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buke C, Armand-Lefevre L, Lolom I, Guerinot W, Deblangy C, Ruimy R, Andremont A, Lucet JC: Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant bacteria in patients with long hospital stays. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007, 28: 1255-1260. 10.1086\/522678.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"555_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(97)90163-8","volume":"35","author":"C Pena","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pena C, Pujol M, Ricart A, Ardanuy C, Ayats J, Linares J, Garrigosa F, Ariza J, Gudiol F: Risk factors for faecal carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-KP) in the intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 1997, 35: 9-16. 10.1016\/S0195-6701(97)90163-8.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"555_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.070071","volume":"13","author":"AD Harris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harris AD, McGregor JC, Johnson JA, Strauss SM, Moore AC, Standiford HC, Hebden JN, Morris JG: Risk factors for colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria and intensive care unit admission. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007, 13: 1144-1149. 10.3201\/eid1308.070071.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"555_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.018085-0","volume":"59","author":"A Azim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Azim A, Dwivedi M, Rao PB, Baronia AK, Singh RK, Prasad KN, Poddar B, Mishra A, Gurjar M, Dhole TN: Epidemiology of bacterial colonization at intensive care unit admission with emphasis on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria\u2013an Indian experience. J Med Microbiol. 2010, 59: 955-960. 10.1099\/jmm.0.018085-0.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"555_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.05.006","volume":"81","author":"DA Enoch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Enoch DA, Brown F, Sismey AW, Mlangeni DA, Curran MD, Karas JA, Cone DB, Aliyu SH, Dhanji H, Doumith M: Epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a UK district hospital; an observational study. J Hosp Infect. 2012, 81: 270-277. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.05.006.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"555_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.06.011","volume":"40","author":"GM Snyder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Snyder GM, D\u2019Agata EM: Diagnostic accuracy of surveillance cultures to detect gastrointestinal colonization with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Am J Infect Control. 2012, 40: 474-476. 10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.06.011.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"555_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1247-9","volume":"34","author":"E Papadomichelakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Papadomichelakis E, Kontopidou F, Antoniadou A, Poulakou G, Koratzanis E, Kopterides P, Mavrou I, Armaganidis A, Giamarellou H: Screening for resistant gram-negative microorganisms to guide empiric therapy of subsequent infection. Intensive Care Med. 2008, 34: 2169-2175. 10.1007\/s00134-008-1247-9.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"555_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1086\/651304","volume":"31","author":"AC Weintrob","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weintrob AC, Roediger MP, Barber M, Summers A, Fieberg AM, Dunn J, Seldon V, Leach F, Huang XZ, Nikolich MP, Wortmann GW: Natural history of colonization with gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms among hospitalized patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010, 31: 330-337. 10.1086\/651304.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/2047-2994-2-20.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:43:54Z","timestamp":1630543434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/2047-2994-2-20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2047-2994-2-20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"20"}}