{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:59:52Z","timestamp":1784242792030,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783x-18-43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T02:02:16Z","timestamp":1384394536000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Treatment of melasma in Caucasian patients using a novel 694-nm Q-switched ruby fractional laser"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Said","family":"Hilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Heise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina Alexandra","family":"Buhren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Schrumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"B\u00f6lke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Arne","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"70_CR1","first-page":"435","volume":"69","author":"SC Taylor","year":"2002","unstructured":"Taylor SC, Cook-Bolden F: Defining skin of color. Cutis 2002, 69: 435\u2013437.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"70_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690240119022","volume":"131","author":"PE Grimes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grimes PE: Melasma. Etiologic and therapeutic considerations. Arch Dermatol 1995, 131: 1453\u20131457. 10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690240119022","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05419.x","volume":"149","author":"R Balkrishnan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Balkrishnan R, McMichael AJ, Camacho FT, Saltzberg F, Housman TS, Grummer S, Feldman SR, Chren MM: Development and validation of a health-related quality of life instrument for women with melasma. Br J Dermatol 2003, 149: 572\u2013577. 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05419.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)35817-4","volume":"267","author":"G Imokawa","year":"1992","unstructured":"Imokawa G, Yada Y, Miyagishi M: Endothelins secreted from human keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens for human melanocytes. J Biol Chem 1992, 267: 24675\u201324680.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"70_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3301235","volume":"330","author":"G Imokawa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Imokawa G, Yada Y, Morisaki N, Kimura M: Biological characterization of human fibroblast-derived mitogenic factors for human melanocytes. Biochem J 1998, 330(Pt 3):1235\u20131239.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"70_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07467.x","volume":"155","author":"HY Kang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kang HY, Choi YM: FK506 increases pigmentation and migration of human melanocytes. Br J Dermatol 2006, 155: 1037\u20131040. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07467.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117224","volume":"93","author":"E Schauer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schauer E, Trautinger F, Kock A, Schwarz A, Bhardwaj R, Simon M, Ansel JC, Schwarz T, Luger TA: Proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides are synthesized and released by human keratinocytes. J Clin Invest 1994, 93: 2258\u20132262. 10.1172\/JCI117224","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"70_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07179.x","volume":"154","author":"HY Kang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kang HY, Hwang JS, Lee JY, Ahn JH, Kim JY, Lee ES, Kang WH: The dermal stem cell factor and c-kit are overexpressed in melasma. Br J Dermatol 2006, 154: 1094\u20131099. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07179.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02435.x","volume":"38","author":"KL Ball Arefiev","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ball Arefiev KL, Hantash BM: Advances in the treatment of melasma: a review of the recent literature. Dermatol Surg 2012, 38: 971\u2013984. 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02435.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2011.630088","volume":"13","author":"VN Sehgal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sehgal VN, Verma P, Srivastava G, Aggarwal AK, Verma S: Melasma: treatment strategy. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2011, 13: 265\u2013279. 10.3109\/14764172.2011.630088","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"70_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.046","volume":"65","author":"VM Sheth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheth VM, Pandya AG: Melasma: a comprehensive update: part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011, 65: 689\u2013697. quiz 698 10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.046","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.001","volume":"65","author":"VM Sheth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheth VM, Pandya AG: Melasma: a comprehensive update: part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011, 65: 699\u2013714. quiz 715 10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102050-00004","volume":"2","author":"TS Alster","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alster TS, Lupton JR: Lasers in dermatology. An overview of types and indications. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001, 2: 291\u2013303. 10.2165\/00128071-200102050-00004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.01971.x","volume":"37","author":"KD Polder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Polder KD, Landau JM, Vergilis-Kalner IJ, Goldberg LH, Friedman PM, Bruce S: Laser eradication of pigmented lesions: a review. Dermatol Surg 2011, 37: 572\u2013595. 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.01971.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2008.34309.x","volume":"34","author":"YH Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li YH, Wu Y, Chen JZ, Gao XH, Liu M, Shu CM, Dong GH, Chen HD: Application of a new intense pulsed light device in the treatment of photoaging skin in Asian patients. Dermatol Surg 2008, 34: 1459\u20131464. 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2008.34309.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2003.29009.x","volume":"29","author":"S Angsuwarangsee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Angsuwarangsee S, Polnikorn N: Combined ultrapulse CO2 laser and Q-switched alexandrite laser compared with Q-switched alexandrite laser alone for refractory melasma: split-face design. Dermatol Surg 2003, 29: 59\u201364. 10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2003.29009.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08103.x","volume":"25","author":"RM Manaloto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Manaloto RM, Alster T: Erbium:YAG laser resurfacing for refractory melasma. Dermatol Surg 1999, 25: 121\u2013123. 10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08103.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.2310\/6350.2005.31302","volume":"31","author":"CK Rokhsar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rokhsar CK, Fitzpatrick RE: The treatment of melasma with fractional photothermolysis: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 2005, 31: 1645\u20131650. 10.2310\/6350.2005.31302","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb00152.x","volume":"20","author":"CR Taylor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taylor CR, Anderson RR: Ineffective treatment of refractory melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation by Q-switched ruby laser. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1994, 20: 592\u2013597. 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb00152.x","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"70_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb03707.x","volume":"20","author":"Y Tse","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tse Y, Levine VJ, McClain SA, Ashinoff R: The removal of cutaneous pigmented lesions with the Q-switched ruby laser and the Q-switched neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. A comparative study. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1994, 20: 795\u2013800. 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb03707.x","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"70_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02018.x","volume":"37","author":"WS Jang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jang WS, Lee CK, Kim BJ, Kim MN: Efficacy of 694-nm Q-switched ruby fractional laser treatment of melasma in female Korean patients. Dermatol Surg 2011, 37: 1133\u20131140. 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02018.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20048","volume":"34","author":"D Manstein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Manstein D, Herron GS, Sink RK, Tanner H, Anderson RR: Fractional photothermolysis: a new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury. Lasers Surg Med 2004, 34: 426\u2013438. 10.1002\/lsm.20048","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"70_CR23","first-page":"1274","volume":"11","author":"MR Alexiades-Armenakas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Dover JS, Arndt KA: Fractional laser skin resurfacing. J Drugs Dermatol 2012, 11: 1274\u20131287.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.10.051","volume":"64","author":"AG Pandya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pandya AG, Hynan LS, Bhore R, Riley FC, Guevara IL, Grimes P, Nordlund JJ, Rendon M, Taylor S, Gottschalk RW, Agim NG, Ortonne JP: Reliability assessment and validation of the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and a new modified MASI scoring method. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011, 64: 78\u201383. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.10.051","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"70_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836297","volume":"220","author":"RR Anderson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Anderson RR, Parrish JA: Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 1983, 220: 524\u2013527. 10.1126\/science.6836297","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"70_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20956","volume":"42","author":"NP Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan NP, Ho SG, Shek SY, Yeung CK, Chan HH: A case series of facial depigmentation associated with low fluence Q-switched 1,064\u00a0nm Nd:YAG laser for skin rejuvenation and melasma. Lasers Surg Med 2010, 42: 712\u2013719. 10.1002\/lsm.20956","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"70_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21156","volume":"44","author":"AN Kauvar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kauvar AN: Successful treatment of melasma using a combination of microdermabrasion and Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers. Lasers Surg Med 2012, 44: 117\u2013124. 10.1002\/lsm.21156","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"70_CR28","volume-title":"J Dermatolog Treat","author":"JH Sim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sim JH, Park YL, Lee JS, Lee SY, Choi WB, Kim HJ, Lee JH: Treatment of melasma by low-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. J Dermatolog Treat 2013. epub ahead of print"},{"key":"70_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02001.x","volume":"37","author":"X Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou X, Gold MH, Lu Z, Li Y: Efficacy and safety of Q-switched 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment of melasma. Dermatol Surg 2011, 37: 962\u2013970. 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02001.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.05.036","volume":"64","author":"CJ Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang CJ, Kou CS: Comparing the effectiveness of Q-switched ruby laser treatment with that of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for oculodermal melanosis (Nevus of Ota). J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011, 64: 339\u2013345. 10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.05.036","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"70_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2002.02112.x","volume":"28","author":"GY Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee GY, Kim HJ, Whang KK: The effect of combination treatment of the recalcitrant pigmentary disorders with pigmented laser and chemical peeling. Dermatol Surg 2002, 28: 1120\u20131123. discussion 1123 10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2002.02112.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"70_CR32","volume-title":"J Dermatolog Treat","author":"A Tourlaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tourlaki A, Galimberti MG, Pellacani G, Bencini PL: Combination of fractional erbium-glass laser and topical therapy in melasma resistant to triple-combination cream. J Dermatolog Treat 2012. epub ahead of print"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/2047-783X-18-43.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/2047-783X-18-43\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/2047-783X-18-43.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T07:48:53Z","timestamp":1647071333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/2047-783X-18-43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["70"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2047-783x-18-43","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"article-number":"43"}}