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Fifty Xiang boars were randomly divided into five groups and fed diets containing 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm soybean isoflavones or 0.5 ppm diethylstilbestrol for 60 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary supplementation with 250 ppm of soy isoflavones markedly increased the testis index (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05), fructose content (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05), and \u03b1-glycosidase content in testicular tissue (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01), as well as increased the number of viable germ cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01) and the level of Bcl-2 protein (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01). However, 500 ppm of soybean isoflavones significantly reduced both testis and epididymis indexes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01), as well as reduced serum LH and testosterone levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). High levels of soybean isoflavones also increased malondialdehyde levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05), as well as increased the numbers of early and late apoptotic germ cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01) and the level of Bax proteins (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) in the testis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study indicate that consumption of soy isoflavones at dietary levels up to 250 ppm did not adversely affect reproductive parameters in Chinese mini-pig boars whereas higher levels of soy isoflavones may adversely affect male reproduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-3-31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T14:20:14Z","timestamp":1351520414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of soybean isoflavones on reproductive parameters in Chinese mini-pig boars"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Xiao-xue","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-wu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jue-xin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-mei","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-long","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"29_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1079\/095442299108728875","volume":"12","author":"JJB Anderson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anderson JJB: Effects of phytoestrogens on tissues. 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