{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:27:49Z","timestamp":1790832469978,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Hematol Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HevyLite\u2122 is a new, recently developed method that facilitates separate quantification of the kappa- and lambda-bounded amounts of a given immunoglobulin (Ig). Using this method, we measured intact immunoglobulin (heavy\/light chain; HLC) IgG-kappa, IgG-lambda, IgA-kappa, IgA-lambda individually, as well as their deriving ratios (HLCR) in a series of IgG or IgA multiple myeloma (MM) patients, to investigate and assess the contribution of these tests to disease evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HevyLite\u2122 assays were used in sera from 130 healthy individuals (HI) and 103 MM patients, at time of diagnosis. In patients, the level of paraprotein was IgG in 78 (52 IgG-kappa, 26 IgG-lambda) and Ig\u0391 in 25 (13 Ig\u0391-kappa, 12 Ig\u0391-lambda). Durie-Salmon and International Staging System stages were evenly distributed. Symptomatic patients (n = 77) received treatment while asymptomatic ones (n = 26) were followed. Patients' median follow-up was at 32.6 months. HLCR was calculated with the involved Ig (either G or A) as numerator.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In HI, median IgG-kappa was 6.85, IgG-lambda 3.81, IgA-kappa 1.19 and IgA-lambda 0.98 g\/L. The corresponding median involving HLC values in MM patients were 25.8, 23.45, 28.9 and 36.4 g\/L. HLC-IgG related to anemia, high serum free light chain ratio and extensive bone marrow infiltration, while high HLCR correlated with the same plus increased \u03b22-microglobulin. In addition, increased HLCR and the presence of immunoparesis correlated with time to treatment. Patients with high HLCR had a significantly shorter survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.022); HLCR retained its prognostic value in multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HLC and HLCR quantify the precise amount of the involved immunoglobulin more accurately than other methods; moreover, they carry prognostic information regarding survival in MM patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2162-3619-1-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T10:26:27Z","timestamp":1335176787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Ratio of involved\/uninvolved immunoglobulin quantification by Hevylite\u2122 assay: clinical and prognostic impact in multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Efstathios","family":"Koulieris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayiotis","family":"Panayiotidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolitsa","family":"Kafasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Maltezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Bartzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Tzenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dimou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladan","family":"Mirbahai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur R","family":"Bradwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Kyrtsonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"6_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197509)36:3<842::AID-CNCR2820360303>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"36","author":"BG Durie","year":"1975","unstructured":"Durie BG, Salmon SE: A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma. Correlation of measured myeloma cell mass with presenting clinical features, response to treatment, and survival. Cancer 1975, 36: 842\u2013854. 10.1002\/1097-0142(197509)36:3<842::AID-CNCR2820360303>3.0.CO;2-U","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"6_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2009.02.004","volume":"46","author":"M-C Kyrtsonis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kyrtsonis M-C, Maltezas D, Tzenou T, Koulieris E, Bradwell AR: Staging systems and prognostic factors as a guide to therapeutic decisions in multiple myeloma. Semin Hematol 2009, 46: 110\u2013117. 10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2009.02.004","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"6_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.2.301.301","volume":"49","author":"R Alexanian","year":"1977","unstructured":"Alexanian R: Blood volume in monoclonal gammopathy. 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