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Of the 271 patients enrolled in the study, 20 patients developed HCC, during a median follow-up period of 4.6\u00a0years. Multivariate analysis in the proportional hazards models revealed that sex, body mass index, platelet counts, and alpha feroprotein (AFP) had significant associations with HCC development (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011, 0.029, 0.0002, and 0.046, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that PNPLA3 148\u00a0M was significantly associated with serum AFP level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032), other than body mass index, platelet count, and alanine aminotransferase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0006, 0.0002, and 0.037, respectively), and that serum AFP level was significantly associated with PNPLA3 148\u00a0M (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017). Serum AFP level is an important factor in predicting HCC development after the antiviral therapy for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C, the mechanism of which might involve its significant associations with the SNP genotype of PNPLA3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T14:14:43Z","timestamp":1370096083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Predictive impact of polymorphism of PNPLA3 on HCC development after interferon therapy in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Moritou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusao","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouichi","family":"Takaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Senoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Nagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuto","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Yasunaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinobu","family":"Takaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Nouso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhide","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"317_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2171-y","volume":"57","author":"PJ Clark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clark PJ, Thompson AJ, Zhu Q, Vock DM, Zhu M, Patel K, Harrison SA, Naggie S, Ge D, Tillmann HL, Urban TJ, Shianna K, Fellay J, Goodman Z, Noviello S, Pedicone LD, Afdhal N, Sulkowski M, Albrecht JK, Goldstein DB, McHutchison JG, Muir AJ: The association of genetic variants with hepatic steatosis in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C infection. 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