{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T07:33:25Z","timestamp":1742801605497},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]],"date-time":"2014-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417219200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-014-0373-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]],"date-time":"2014-11-28T19:09:24Z","timestamp":1417201764000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["ContextD: an algorithm to identify contextual properties of medical terms in a Dutch clinical corpus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zubair","family":"Afzal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ewoud","family":"Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miriam CJM","family":"Sturkenboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martijn J","family":"Schuemie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan A","family":"Kors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"June","key":"373_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3208","volume":"13","author":"PB Jensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jensen PB, Jensen LJ, Brunak S: Mining electronic health records: towards better research applications and clinical care. Nat Rev Genet. 2012, 13 (June): 395-405. 10.1038\/nrg3208.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"373_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-199908000-00012","volume":"74","author":"C Friedman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Friedman C, Hripcsak G: Natural language processing and its future in medicine. Acad Med. 1999, 74: 890-895. 10.1097\/00001888-199908000-00012.","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"373_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.1994.95236146","volume":"1","author":"C Friedman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Friedman C, Alderson PO, Austin JHM, Cimino JJ, Johnson SB: A general natural-language text processor for clinical radiology. J Am Med Informat Assoc. 1994, 1: 161-174. 10.1136\/jamia.1994.95236146.","journal-title":"J Am Med Informat Assoc"},{"key":"373_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3115\/1118149.1118154","volume-title":"Proc ACL-02 Work Nat Lang Process Biomed domain -","author":"LM Christensen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Christensen LM, Haug PJ, Fiszman M: MPLUS: a probabilistic medical language understanding system. Proc ACL-02 Work Nat Lang Process Biomed domain -. 2002, Association for Computational Linguistics, Morristown, NJ, USA, 29-36. 10.3115\/1118149.1118154."},{"key":"373_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-5056(02)00053-9","volume":"67","author":"U Hahn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hahn U, Romacker M, Schulz S: MEDSYNDIKATE-a natural language system for the extraction of medical information from findings reports. Int J Med Inform. 2002, 67: 63-74. 10.1016\/S1386-5056(02)00053-9.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"373_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2009.001560","volume":"17","author":"GK Savova","year":"2010","unstructured":"Savova GK, Masanz JJ, Ogren PV, Zheng J, Sohn S, Kipper-Schuler KC, Chute CG: Mayo clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES): architecture, component evaluation and applications. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2010, 17: 507-513. 10.1136\/jamia.2009.001560.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"373_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M3378","volume":"17","author":"H Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu H, Stenner SP, Doan S, Johnson KB, Waitman LR, Denny JC: MedEx: a medication information extraction system for clinical narratives. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2010, 17: 19-24. 10.1197\/jamia.M3378.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"373_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-6-30","volume":"6","author":"QT Zeng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zeng QT, Goryachev S, Weiss S, Sordo M, Murphy SN, Lazarus R: Extracting principal diagnosis, co-morbidity and smoking status for asthma research: evaluation of a natural language processing system. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2006, 6: 30-10.1186\/1472-6947-6-30.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"373_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1006\/jbin.2001.1029","volume":"34","author":"WW Chapman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chapman WW, Bridewell W, Hanbury P, Cooper GF, Buchanan BG: A simple algorithm for identifying negated findings and diseases in discharge summaries. J Biomed Inform. 2001, 34: 301-310. 10.1006\/jbin.2001.1029.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"373_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2001.0080598","volume":"8","author":"PG Mutalik","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mutalik PG, Deshpande A, Nadkarni PM: Use of general-purpose negation detection to augment concept indexing of medical documents: a quantitative study using the UMLS. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2001, 8: 598-609. 10.1136\/jamia.2001.0080598.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"373_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-5-13","volume":"5","author":"PL Elkin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elkin PL, Brown SH, Bauer BA, Husser CS, Carruth W, Bergstrom LR, Wahner-Roedler DL: A controlled trial of automated classification of negation from clinical notes. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2005, 5: 13-10.1186\/1472-6947-5-13.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"373_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2284","volume":"14","author":"Y Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang Y, Lowe HJ: A novel hybrid approach to automated negation detection in clinical radiology reports. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2007, 14: 304-311. 10.1197\/jamia.M2284.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"373_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2009.05.002","volume":"42","author":"H Harkema","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harkema H, Dowling JN, Thornblade T, Chapman WW: ConText: an algorithm for determining negation, experiencer, and temporal status from clinical reports. J Biomed Inform. 2009, 42: 839-851. 10.1016\/j.jbi.2009.05.002.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"373_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S11-S10","volume":"9","author":"H Kilicoglu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kilicoglu H, Bergler S: Recognizing speculative language in biomedical research articles: a linguistically motivated perspective. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008, 9 (Suppl 11): S10-10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S11-S10.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"373_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2012.04.006","volume":"82","author":"RM Reeves","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reeves RM, Ong FR, Matheny ME, Denny JC, Aronsky D, Gobbel GT, Montella D, Speroff T, Brown SH: Detecting temporal expressions in medical narratives. Int J Med Inform. 2013, 82: 118-127. 10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2012.04.006.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"373_CR16","volume-title":"Proc ACM-SIGIR 2003","author":"I Goldin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goldin I, Chapman W: Learning to detect negation with \u201cnot\u201din medical texts. Proc ACM-SIGIR 2003. 2003"},{"key":"373_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2010.003228","volume":"17","author":"S Agarwal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agarwal S, Yu H: Biomedical negation scope detection with conditional random fields. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2010, 17: 696-701. 10.1136\/jamia.2010.003228.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"373_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morante R, Daelemans W: A metalearning approach to processing the scope of negation. In Proc Thirteen Conf Comput Nat Lang Learn - CoNLL \u201909. Boulder, Colorado; 2009:21-29.","DOI":"10.3115\/1596374.1596381"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"373_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S11-S9","volume":"9","author":"V Vincze","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vincze V, Szarvas G, Farkas R, M\u00f3ra G, Csirik J: The BioScope corpus: biomedical texts annotated for uncertainty, negation and their scopes. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008, 9 (Suppl 11): S9-10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S11-S9.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"373_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22679","volume":"63","author":"NP Cruz D\u00edaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cruz D\u00edaz NP, Ma\u00f1a L\u00f3pez MJ, V\u00e1zquez JM, \u00c1lvarez VP: A machine-learning approach to negation and speculation detection in clinical texts. J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol. 2012, 63: 1398-1410. 10.1002\/asi.22679.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol"},{"key":"373_CR21","first-page":"17","volume-title":"HLTNAACL 2004 Work BioLINK 2004 Link Biol Lit Ontol Databases","author":"M Light","year":"2004","unstructured":"Light M, Qiu XY, Srinivasan P: The Language of Bioscience?: Facts, Speculations, and Statements in Between. HLTNAACL 2004 Work BioLINK 2004 Link Biol Lit Ontol Databases. Edited by: Hirschman L, Pustejovsky J. 2004, 17-24. [BIOLINK 2004 (Series editor)]"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"373_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-1480-2-S5-S7","volume":"2","author":"E Velldal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Velldal E: Predicting speculation: a simple disambiguation approach to hedge detection in biomedical literature. J Biomed Semant. 2011, 2 (Suppl 5): S7-10.1186\/2041-1480-2-S5-S7.","journal-title":"J Biomed Semant"},{"key":"373_CR23","volume-title":"Implementation and Evaluation of Four Different Methods of Negation Detection","author":"S Goryachev","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goryachev S, Sordo M, Zeng Q, Ngo L: Implementation and Evaluation of Four Different Methods of Negation Detection. 2006"},{"key":"373_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2950","volume":"16","author":"O Uzuner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uzuner O, Zhang X, Sibanda T: Machine learning and rule-based approaches to assertion classification. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2011, 16: 109-115. 10.1197\/jamia.M2950.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"373_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001628","volume":"20","author":"W Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun W, Rumshisky A, Uzuner O: Evaluating temporal relations in clinical text: 2012 i2b2 Challenge. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2013, 20: 806-813. 10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001628.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"373_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-1480-2-S3-S3","volume":"2","author":"M Skeppstedt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Skeppstedt M: Negation detection in Swedish clinical text: an adaption of NegEx to Swedish. J Biomed Semant. 2011, 2 (Suppl 3): S3-10.1186\/2041-1480-2-S3-S3.","journal-title":"J Biomed Semant"},{"key":"373_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1145\/2110363.2110443","volume-title":"SIGHIT Symp Int Heal informatics - IHI\u201912","author":"L Del\u00e9ger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Del\u00e9ger L, Grouin C: Detecting negation of medical problems in French clinical notes. SIGHIT Symp Int Heal informatics - IHI\u201912. Edited by: Proc ACM 2nd. 2012, ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 697-702. 10.1145\/2110363.2110443."},{"key":"373_CR28","unstructured":"ContextD: ConText for Dutch - Implementation and Resources. ., [\n                    http:\/\/www.biosemantics.org\/ContextD\/\n                    \n                  ]"},{"key":"373_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634402","volume":"38","author":"A Vlug","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vlug A, van der Lei J, Mosseveld B, van Wijk M, van der Linden P, MC S, van Bemmel J: Postmarketing surveillance based on electronic patient records: the IPCI project. Methods Inf Med. 1999, 38: 339-344.","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"key":"373_CR30","unstructured":"Nederlands Huisartsen Genootschap. 2013"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"373_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D267","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh061","volume":"32","author":"O Bodenreider","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bodenreider O: The unified medical language system (UMLS): integrating biomedical terminology. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004, 32 (suppl 1): D267-D270. 10.1093\/nar\/gkh061.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"373_CR32","unstructured":"ConText implementation. ., [\n                    http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/negex\/downloads\/\n                    \n                  ]"},{"key":"373_CR33","unstructured":"Google Translate. ., [\n                    http:\/\/translate.google.com\n                    \n                  ]"},{"key":"373_CR34","unstructured":"Apache OpenNLP library. ., [\n                    http:\/\/opennlp.apache.org\/\n                    \n                  ]"},{"key":"373_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","volume":"20","author":"J Cohen","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cohen J: A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960, 20: 37-46. 10.1177\/001316446002000104. [Education and psychological measurement (Series editor)]","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"373_CR36","unstructured":"Altman DG: Some common problems in medical research. In Pract Stat Med Res, Volume Volume 1. London: Chapman & Hall; 1991:396-403."},{"key":"373_CR37","first-page":"677","volume-title":"MEDINFO 2013 - Proc 14th World Congr Med Heal Informatics","author":"WW Chapman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chapman WW, Hillert D, Velupillai S, Kvist M, Skeppstedt M, Chapman BE, Conway M, Tharp M, Mowery DL, Deleger L: Extending the NegEx Lexicon for Multiple Languages. MEDINFO 2013 - Proc 14th World Congr Med Heal Informatics. 2013, Ios Press, Copenhagen, Denmark, 677-681."},{"key":"373_CR38","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Proc 49th Annu Meet Assoc Comput Linguist Hum Lang Technol short Pap - Vol 2","author":"E Apostolova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Apostolova E, Tomuro N, Demner-fushman D: Automatic Extraction of Lexico-Syntactic Patterns for Detection of Negation and Speculation Scopes. Proc 49th Annu Meet Assoc Comput Linguist Hum Lang Technol short Pap - Vol 2. 2011, Association for Computational Linguistics, Portland, Oregon, USA, 283-287."}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12859-014-0373-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-014-0373-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-014-0373-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-014-0373-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T12:42:46Z","timestamp":1551184966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12859-014-0373-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-014-0373-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"373"}}