{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:27:33Z","timestamp":1765758453455},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S15","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-016-1291-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T09:55:51Z","timestamp":1479808551000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["From comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to identification of shared molecular mechanisms by data integration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"name":"on behalf of Synergy-COPD Consortia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gomez-Cabrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Menche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert-L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Barab\u00e1si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Tegn\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1291_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Fact sheet No. 315. 2015. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs315\/en\/ . Accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"1291_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0","volume":"380","author":"R Lozano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2095\u2013128.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1291_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.07.011","volume":"107","author":"DS Postma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Postma DS, Anzueto AR, Jenkins C, Make BJ, Similowski T, Ostlund O, et al. Factor analysis in predominantly severe COPD: Identification of disease heterogeneity by easily measurable characteristics. Respir Med. 2013;107:1939\u201347.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"1291_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1843CC","volume":"182","author":"MK Han","year":"2010","unstructured":"Han MK, Agusti A, Calverley PM, Celli BR, Criner G, Curtis JL, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes: the future of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:598\u2013604.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1291_CR5","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD, global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease [Internet]. 2015. http:\/\/www.goldcopd.it\/materiale\/2015\/GOLD_Pocket_2015.pdf . Accessed Jan 2016."},{"key":"1291_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2012.729621","volume":"10","author":"R Faner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Faner R, Nu\u00f1ez B, Sauleda J, Garcia-Aymerich J, Pons J, Cresp\u00ed C, et al. HLA Distribution in COPD Patients. COPD J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2013;10:138\u201346.","journal-title":"COPD J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis"},{"key":"1291_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(12)70060-7","volume":"1","author":"M Decramer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Decramer M, Janssens W. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbidities. Lancet Respir Med Elsevier Ltd. 2013;1:73\u201383.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"1291_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60968-9","volume":"379","author":"M Decramer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2012;379:1341\u201351.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1291_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128008","volume":"33","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barnes PJ, Celli BR. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2009;33:1165\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1291_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62082-1","volume":"374","author":"BR Celli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Celli BR, Marin JM, Cote CG, Aguirre A. Correspondence Prognostic assessment of patients with COPD. Lancet. 2009;374:1885\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1291_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.105163","volume":"64","author":"E Barreiro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barreiro E, Rabinovich R, Marin-Corral J, Barber\u00e0 JA, Gea J, Roca J. Chronic endurance exercise induces quadriceps nitrosative stress in patients with severe COPD. Thorax. 2009;64:13\u20139.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1291_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.022","volume":"52","author":"DA Rodriguez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodriguez DA, Kalko S, Puig-Vilanova E, Perez-Olabarr\u00eda M, Falciani F, Gea J, et al. Muscle and blood redox status after exercise training in severe COPD patients. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;52:88\u201394.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"1291_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathur S, Brooks D, Carvalho CRF. Structural alterations of skeletal muscle in copd. Front Physiol. 2014;5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00104"},{"key":"1291_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3283-2_13","volume-title":"Syst. Med","author":"J Roca","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roca J, Cano I, Gomez-cabrero D, Tegn\u00e9r J. From Systems Understanding to Personalized Medicine: Lessons and Recommendations Based on a Multidisciplinary and Translational Analysis of COPD. In: Schmitz U, Wolkenhauer O, editors. Syst. Med. New York: Springer Science+Business Media; 2016. p. 283\u2013303."},{"key":"1291_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez-Cabrero D, Menche J, Cano I, Abugessaisa I, Huertas-Miguel\u00e1\u00f1ez M, Tenyi A, et al. Systems Medicine: from molecular features and models to the clinic in COPD. J Transl Med BioMed Central Ltd. 2014;12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-S2-S4"},{"key":"1291_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2014.974089","volume":"12","author":"S-A Jansson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jansson S-A, Backman H, R\u00f6nmark E, Lundb\u00e4ck B, Lindberg A. Hospitalization Due to Co-Morbid Conditions is the Main Cost Driver Among Subjects With COPD-A Report From the Population-Based OLIN COPD Study. COPD J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2015;12:381\u20139.","journal-title":"COPD J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis"},{"key":"1291_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.01.005","volume":"109","author":"C Hernandez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hernandez C, Aibar J, de Batlle J, Gomez-Cabrero D, Soler N, Duran-Tauleria E, et al. Assessment of health status and program performance in patients on long-term oxygen therapy. Respir Med. 2015;109:500\u20139.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1291_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu075","volume":"43","author":"DA Groot de","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Groot DA, de Vries M, Joling KJ, van Campen JPCM, Hugtenburg JG, van Marum RJ, et al. Specifying ICD9, ICPC and ATC codes for the STOPP\/START criteria: A multidisciplinary consensus panel. Age Ageing. 2014;43(6):773\u20138.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1291_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201307-1240OC","volume":"189","author":"H Remoortel Van","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Remoortel H, Hornikx M, Langer D, Burtin C, Everaerts S, Verhamme P, et al. Risk factors and comorbidities in the preclinical stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189:30\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1291_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201311-2029ED","volume":"189","author":"P-R Burgel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burgel P-R, Clini EM. Multimorbidity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: stop smoking! Go exercise? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189:7\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1291_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen AB, Moseley PL, Oprea TI, Elles\u00f8e SG, Eriksson R, Schmock H, et al. Temporal disease trajectories condensed from population-wide registry data covering 6.2 million patients. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4022.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5022"},{"key":"1291_CR22","first-page":"515","volume":"19","author":"E Capobianco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Capobianco E, Lio\u2019 P. Comorbidity: A multidimensional approach. Trends Mol. Med. Elsevier Ltd. 2013;19:515\u201321.","journal-title":"Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"1291_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12002","volume":"6","author":"J Vestbo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Rodriguez-Roisin R. The 2011 revision of the global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD (GOLD)--why and what? Clin Respir J. 2012;6:208\u201314.","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"1291_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lococo F, Cesario A, Bufalo A Del, Ciarrocchi A, Prinzi G, Mina M, et al. Novel Therapeutic Strategy in the Management of COPD\u202f: A Systems Medicine Approach. 2015. p. 3655\u201375","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867322666150904113032"},{"key":"1291_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidalgo CA, Blumm N, Barab\u00e1si A-L, Christakis NA. A dynamic network approach for the study of human phenotypes. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009;5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000353"},{"key":"1291_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cano I, T\u00e9nyi A, Schueller C, Wolff M, Huertas Miguel\u00e1\u00f1ez MM, Gomez-Cabrero D, et al. The COPD Knowledge Base: enabling data analysis and computational simulation in translational COPD research. J Transl Med. 2014;12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-S2-S6"},{"key":"1291_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki031","volume":"33","author":"D Maglott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maglott D. Entrez Gene: gene-centered information at NCBI. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;33:54\u20138.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1291_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8685","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701361104","volume":"104","author":"K Goh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goh K, Cusick ME, Valle D, Childs B, Vidal M. The human disease network. PNAS. 2007;104:8685\u201390.","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"1291_CR29","first-page":"347","volume":"20","author":"J Menche","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menche J, Sharma A, Kitsak M, Ghiassian S, Vidal M, Loscalzo J, et al. Uncovering disease-disease relationships through the human interactome. Science. 2015;20:347.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"1291_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2009.16","volume":"5","author":"J Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park J, Lee D-S, Christakis NA, Barab\u00e1si A-L, Data S. The impact of cellular networks on disease comorbidity. Mol. Syst. Biol. 2009;5:262.","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"1291_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moni MA, Li\u00f2 P. How to build personalized multi-omics comorbidity profiles. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2015;3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2015.00028"},{"key":"1291_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moni MA, Li\u00f2 P. comoR: a software for disease comorbidity risk assessment. J Clin Bioinforma. 2014;4:8.","DOI":"10.1186\/2043-9113-4-8"},{"key":"1291_CR33","volume-title":"COMPSTAT Lect. 4. Lect. Comput. Stat","author":"F Murtagh","year":"1985","unstructured":"Murtagh F. Multidimensional clustering algorithms. In: Chambers JM, Gordesch J, Klas A, Lebart L, Sint PP, editors. COMPSTAT Lect. 4. Lect. Comput. Stat. Viena-Wurzburg: Physica-Verlag; 1985."},{"key":"1291_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1104","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks994","volume":"41","author":"AP Davis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davis AP, Murphy CG, Johnson R, Lay JM, Lennon-Hopkins K, Saraceni-Richards C, et al. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database: update 2013. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41:D1104\u201314.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1291_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2013.96","volume":"22","author":"EM Ramos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramos EM, Hoffman D, Junkins HA, Maglott D, Phan L, Sherry ST, et al. Phenotype-Genotype Integrator (PheGenI): synthesizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with existing genomic resources. Eur. J Hum Genet. 2014;22:144\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"1291_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D789","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1205","volume":"43","author":"JS Amberger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amberger JS, Bocchini CA, Schiettecatte F, Scott AF, Hamosh A. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), an Online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43:D789\u201398.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1291_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.10.87","volume":"10","author":"KS Suh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suh KS, Park SW, Castro A, Patel H, Blake P, Liang M, et al. Ovarian cancer biomarkers for molecular biosensors and translational medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2010;10:1069\u201383.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"1291_CR38","first-page":"38","volume":"5","author":"D Maier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maier D, Kalus W, Wolff M, Kalko SG, Roca J, Marin de Mas I, et al. Knowledge management for Systems Biology a general and visually driven framework applied to translational medicine. BMC Syst Biol. 2011;5:38.","journal-title":"Knowledge management for Systems Biology a general and visually driven framework applied to translational medicine. BMC Syst Biol."},{"key":"1291_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-008-0428-3","volume":"13","author":"WS Cobb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cobb WS, Peindl RM, Zerey M, Carbonell AM, Heniford BT. Mesh terminology 101. Hernia. 2009;13:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"1291_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-3-424","volume":"88","author":"V Slee","year":"1978","unstructured":"Slee V. The International Classification of Diseases: Ninth Revision (ICD-9) IN. Ann iInternal Med. 1978;88:424\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann iInternal Med"},{"key":"1291_CR41","unstructured":"The international conference for the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Strengthening of Epidemiological and Statistical Services Unit. World Health Organization, Geneva. World Heal Stat Q. 1990;43:204\u201345."},{"key":"1291_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2004.09.001","volume":"38","author":"FW Hartel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hartel FW, De Coronado S, Dionne R, Fragoso G, Golbeck J. Modeling a description logic vocabulary for cancer research. J Biomed Inform. 2005;38:114\u201329.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"1291_CR43","unstructured":"Wang AY, Barrett JW, Bentley T, Markwell D, Price C, Spackman KA, et al. Mapping between SNOMED RT and Clinical terms version 3: a key component of the SNOMED CT development process. Proc. AMIA Symp. 2001. p. 741\u20135."},{"key":"1291_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.1998.0050076","volume":"5","author":"O Bodenreider","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bodenreider O, Burgun A, Botti G, Fieschi M, Le Beux P, Kohler F. Evaluation of the Unified Medical Language System as a Medical Knowledge Source. J Am Med Informatics Assoc. 1998;5:76\u201387.","journal-title":"J Am Med Informatics Assoc"},{"key":"1291_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b10345","volume-title":"Exploratory Multivariate Analysis by Example Using R","author":"F Husson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Husson F, Le S, Pages J. Exploratory Multivariate Analysis by Example Using R. London: CRC Press. Chapman and Hall; 2010."},{"key":"1291_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","volume":"102","author":"A Subramanian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL. Gene set enrichment analysis : A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide. PNAS. 2005;102:15545\u201350.","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"1291_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","volume":"25","author":"M Ashburner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, Botstein D, Butler H, Cherry JM, et al. Gene Ontology : tool for the unification of biology. Nat Genet. 2000;25:25\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1291_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl633","volume":"23","author":"I Rivals","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rivals I, Personnaz L, Taing L, Potier M-C. Enrichment or depletion of a GO category within a class of genes: which test? Bioinformatics. 2007;23:401\u20137.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1291_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the False Discovery Rate : A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. J R Stat Soc. 1995;57:289\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc"},{"key":"1291_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn296","volume":"36","author":"D Cheng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheng D, Knox C, Young N, Stothard P, Damaraju S, Wishart D. PolySearch: a web-based text mining system for extracting relationships between human diseases, genes, mutations, drugs and metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36:399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1291_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv383","volume":"1","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Y, Liang Y, Wishart D. PolySearch2: a significantly improved text-mining system for discovering associations between human diseases, genes, drugs, metabolites, toxins and more. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;1:535\u201342.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1291_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000215","volume":"6","author":"MT Mullen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mullen MT, Moomaw CJ, Alwell K, Khoury JC, Kissela BM, Woo D, et al. ICD9 codes cannot reliably identify hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6:505\u20136.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"1291_CR53","unstructured":"Payne TH, Murphy GR, Salazar AA. How well does ICD9 represent phrases used in the medical record problem list? Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1992;654\u20137."},{"key":"1291_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kannan V, Swartz F, Kiani NA, Silberberg G, Tsipras G, Gomez-Cabrero D, et al. Conditional Disease Development extracted from Longitudinal Health Care Cohort Data using Layered Network Construction. Sci Rep. 2016;6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26170"},{"key":"1291_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2307\/2530610","volume":"34","author":"D Katz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Katz D, Baptista J, Azen SP, Pike MC. Obtaining Confidence Intervals for the Risk Ratio in Cohort Studies. Biometrics. 1978;34:469\u201374.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"1291_CR56","volume-title":"Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cohen J, Cohen P, West SG, Aiken LS. Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2002."},{"key":"1291_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1049","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1179","volume":"43","author":"JA Blake","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blake JA, Christie KR, Dolan ME, Drabkin HJ, Hill DP, Ni L, et al. Gene ontology consortium: Going forward. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43:D1049\u201356.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1291_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.050","volume":"159","author":"T Rolland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rolland T, Ta\u015fan M, Charloteaux B, Pevzner SJ, Zhong Q, Sahni N, et al. A Proteome-Scale Map of the Human Interactome Network. Cell. 2014;159:1212\u201326.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1291_CR59","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"H Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang H, Long F, Zhang Y, Yu R, Zhang P, Li W, et al. 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces neutrophil apoptosis through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. PLoS One. 2015;10:1\u201310.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1291_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.94","volume":"3","author":"JC Betts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Betts JC, Mayer RJ, Tal-Singer R, Warnock L, Clayton C, Bates S, et al. Gene expression changes caused by the p38 MAPK inhibitor dilmapimod in COPD patients: analysis of blood and sputum samples from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2015;3, e00094.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"1291_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70200-5","volume":"2","author":"H Watz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watz H, Barnacle H, Hartley BF, Chan R. Efficacy and safety of the p38 MAPK inhibitor losmapimod for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2:63\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"1291_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12593","volume":"2","author":"P Cepek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cepek P, Zajacova M, Kotrbova-Kozak A, Silhova E, Cerna M. DNA methylation and mRNA expression of HLA-DQA1 alleles in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Immunology. 2016;2:150\u20139.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"1291_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Megiorni F, Pizzuti A. HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 in Celiac disease predisposition: practical implications of the HLA molecular typing. J Biomed Sci. 2012;19.","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-19-88"},{"key":"1291_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2614","volume":"45","author":"A Hinks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hinks A, Cobb J, Marion MC, Prahalad S, Sudman M, Bowes J, et al. Dense genotyping of immune-related disease regions identifies 14 new susceptibility loci for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Nat Genet. 2013;45:664\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1291_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201306-1170OC","volume":"188","author":"AR Patel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel AR, Kowlessar BS, Donaldson GC, Mackay AJ, Singh R, George SN, et al. Cardiovascular Risk, Myocardial Injury and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188:1091\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1291_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.03.063","volume":"586","author":"Z Zi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zi Z, Chapnick DA, Liu X. Dynamics of TGF-b\/Smad signaling. FEBS Lett. 2012;586:1921\u20138.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"1291_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-7364-5-1-17","volume":"5","author":"N Harmston","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harmston N, Filsell W, Stumpf MPH. What the papers say: text mining for genomics and systems biology. Hum Genomics. 2010;5:17\u201329.","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"key":"1291_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burge AT, Lee AL, Kein C, Button BM, Sherburn MS, Miller B, et al. Prevalence and impact of urinary incontinence in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a questionnaire survey. Physiotherapy. 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2015.11.004"},{"key":"1291_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3477","volume":"13","author":"AM Houghton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Houghton AM. Mechanistic links between COPD and lung cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013;13:233\u201345.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"1291_CR70","first-page":"585","volume":"82","author":"G Caruso","year":"1991","unstructured":"Caruso G, Catalano D, Scalisi N, Terranova S, Virgilio C, Mazzone O. Association of chronic obstructive bronchitis and upper digestive pathology. A clinical study. Recent. Prog Med. 1991;82:585\u20137.","journal-title":"Prog Med"},{"key":"1291_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.931","volume":"13","author":"AL Hansell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hansell AL, Lam KA, Richardson S, Visick G, Soriano JB. Medical event profiling of COPD patients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13:547\u201355.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"1291_CR72","first-page":"65","volume":"46","author":"S Keely","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keely S, Hansbro PM. A Potential Mechanism for Intestinal Dysfunction in Patients With COPD. Chest. 2014;46:65\u20139.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1291_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-008-9080-z","volume":"186","author":"A Ekbom","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ekbom, A., Brandt, L., Granath, F., L\u00f6fdahl, C.-G., Egesten, A., 2008. Increased Risk of Both Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn\u2019s Disease in a Population Suffering from COPD. Lung 186, 167\u2013172. doi: 10.1007\/s00408-008-9080-z .","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"1291_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Olmos L, Alberquilla A, Ayala V, Garc\u00eda-Sagredo P, Morales L, Carmona M, et al. Comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in family practice: a cross sectional study. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-14-11"},{"key":"1291_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dal Negro RW, Bonadiman L, Turco P. Prevalence of different comorbidities in COPD patients by gender and GOLD stage. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2015;10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-015-0023-2"},{"key":"1291_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12642","volume":"20","author":"NEA Negewo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Negewo NEA, Gibson PEG, Mcdonald VAM. COPD and its comorbidities : Impact, measurement and mechanisms. Respirology. 2015;20:1160\u201371.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"1291_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00019714","volume":"43","author":"C Vogelmeier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vogelmeier C, Vestbo J. COPD assessment: I, II, III, IV and\/or A, B, C. D Eur Respir J. 2014;43:949\u201350.","journal-title":"D Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1291_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.08.015","volume":"64","author":"JA Hollenbach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hollenbach JA, Oksenberg JR. The immunogenetics of multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun Elsevier Ltd. 2015;64:1\u201313.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"1291_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.07.007","volume":"14","author":"A Lerner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lerner A, Matthias T. Rheumatoid arthritis\u2013celiac disease relationship: Joints get that gut feeling. Autoimmun Rev Elsevier BV. 2015;14:1038\u201347.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev Elsevier BV"},{"key":"1291_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchesi M, Andersson E, Villabona L, Seliger B, Lundqvist A, Kiessling R, et al. HLA-dependent tumour development: a role for tumour associate macrophages? J Transl Med. 2013;11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-247"},{"key":"1291_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-014-0414-3","volume":"16","author":"O Snir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Snir O, Gomez-Cabrero D, Montes A, Perez-Pampin E, G\u00f3mez-Reino JJ, Seddighzadeh M, et al. Non-HLA genes PTPN22, CDK6 and PADI4 are associated with specific autoantibodies in HLA-defined subgroups of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:414.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"1291_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12473","volume":"20","author":"NLD Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith NLD, Hankinson J, Simpson A, Bowyer P, Denning DW. A prominent role for the IL1 pathway and IL15 in susceptibility to chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:480\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1291_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2012.02672.x","volume":"42","author":"MT Zdrenghea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zdrenghea MT, Mallia P, Johnston SL. Immunological pathways in virus-induced COPD exacerbations: a role for IL-15. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012;42:1010\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1291_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6504","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000006","volume":"184","author":"CM Freeman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Freeman CM, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Murray S, Liu LX, Chensue SW, et al. Cytotoxic potential of lung CD8(+) T cells increases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity and with in vitro stimulation by IL-18 or IL-15. J Immunol. 2010;184:6504\u201313.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1291_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201209-1665OC","volume":"187","author":"LEGW Vanfleteren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vanfleteren LEGW, Spruit MA, Groenen M, Gaffron S, Van Empel VPM, Bruijnzeel PLB, et al. Clusters of comorbidities based on validated objective measurements and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187:728\u201335.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1291_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-13-48","volume":"13","author":"TML Eagan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eagan TML, Gabazza EC, D\u2019Alessandro-Gabazza C, Gil-Bernabe P, Aoki S, Hardie JA, et al. TNF-\u03b1 is associated with loss of lean body mass only in already cachectic COPD patients. Respir Res. 2012;13:48.","journal-title":"Respir Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-016-1291-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T18:56:35Z","timestamp":1718909795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12859-016-1291-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-016-1291-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2105"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"article-number":"441"}}