{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T04:11:07Z","timestamp":1751688667231,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2185-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T04:23:34Z","timestamp":1526617414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Robust joint score tests in the application of DNA methylation data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8606-570X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuejiao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Weiliang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2185_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/gm323","volume":"4","author":"AE Teschendorff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teschendorff AE, Jones A, Fiegl H, Sargent A, Zhuang JJ, Kitchener HC, Widschwendter M. Epigenetic variability in cells of normal cytology is associated with the risk of future morphological transformation. Genome Med. 2012; 4(3):24.","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2185_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0465-4","volume":"15","author":"B Phipson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phipson B, Oshlack A. DiffVar: a new method for detecting differential variability with application to methylation in cancer and aging. Genome Biol. 2014; 15:465.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2185_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-15-232","volume":"15","author":"S Wahl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wahl S, Fenske N, Zeilinger S, Suhre K, Gieger C, Waldenberger M, Grallert H, Schmid M. On the potential of models for location and scale for genome-wide dna methylation data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15(1):232.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2185_CR4","first-page":"0145295","volume":"10","author":"X Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li X, Qiu W, Morrow J, DeMeo DL, Weiss ST, Fu Y, Wang X. A comparative study of tests for homogeneity of variances with application to dna methylation data. PloS ONE. 2015; 10(12):0145295.","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2185_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-016-1056-z","volume":"17","author":"AE Teschendorff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teschendorff AE, Jones A, Widschwendter M. Stochastic epigenetic outliers can define field defects in cancer. BMC Bioinformatics. 2016; 17(1):1.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2185_CR6","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"W Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu W, Li X, Morrow J, DeMeo D, Weiss S, Wang X, Fu Y. New score tests for equality of variances in the application of dna methylation data analysis[version 2]. Insights Genet Genomics. 2017; 1:3\u20132.","journal-title":"Insights Genet Genomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2185_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1981.10487680","volume":"23","author":"WJ Conover","year":"1981","unstructured":"Conover WJ, Johnson ME, Johnson MM. A comparative study of tests for homogeneity of variances, with applications to the outer continental shelf bidding data. Technometrics. 1981; 23(4):351\u201361.","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"2185_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn S, Wang T. A powerful statistical method for indentifying differentially methylated markers in complex diseases. Pac Symp Biocomput. 2013;:69\u201379.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814447973_0008"},{"key":"2185_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobson AJ. An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models: Chapman and Hall; 1990.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7252-1"},{"key":"2185_CR10","unstructured":"Levene H. Robust tests for equality of variances1. Contributions to probability and statistics: Essays in honor of Harold Hotelling. 1960; 2:278\u201392."},{"key":"2185_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown MB, Forsythe AB. Robust Tests for Equality of Variances. J Am Stat Assoc. 1974; 69(May 2015):364\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2285659 .","DOI":"10.2307\/2285659"},{"key":"2185_CR12","volume-title":"On the problem of two samples","author":"ES Pearson","year":"1930","unstructured":"Pearson ES, Neyman J. On the problem of two samples. Bordeaux: Imprimerie de l\u2019Universit\u00e9; 1930."},{"issue":"1","key":"2185_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177732360","volume":"9","author":"SS Wilks","year":"1938","unstructured":"Wilks SS. The large-sample distribution of the likelihood ratio for testing composite hypotheses. Ann Math Stat. 1938; 9(1):60\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"key":"2185_CR14","volume-title":"Practical nonparametric statistics","author":"J. W. Conover","year":"1971","unstructured":"Conover J. W.Practical nonparametric statistics. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1971."},{"issue":"3","key":"2185_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2012.707083","volume":"66","author":"L Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang L, Xu X, Chen G. The exact likelihood ratio test for equality of two normal populations. Am Stat. 2012; 66(3):180\u20134.","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"issue":"11","key":"2185_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts170","volume":"28","author":"AE Teschendorff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teschendorff AE, Widschwendter M. Differential variability improves the identification of cancer risk markers in dna methylation studies profiling precursor cancer lesions. Bioinformatics. 2012; 28(11):1487\u201394.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2185_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.103606.109","volume":"20","author":"AE Teschendorff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teschendorff AE, Menon U, Gentry-Maharaj A, Ramus SJ, Weisenberger DJ, Shen H, Campan M, Noushmehr H, Bell CG, Maxwell AP, et al. Age-dependent dna methylation of genes that are suppressed in stem cells is a hallmark of cancer. Genome Res. 2010; 20(4):440\u20136.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2185_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02326-1","volume":"8","author":"X Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang X, Hu Y, Justice AC, Li B, Wang Z, Zhao H, Krystal JH, Xu K. Dna methylation signatures of illicit drug injection and hepatitis c are associated with hiv frailty. Nat Commun. 2017; 8(1):2243.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2185_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol. 1995; 57(1):289\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2185_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.26346","volume":"8","author":"SA Farkas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farkas SA, Milutin-Ga\u0161perov N, Grce M, Nilsson TK. Genome-wide dna methylation assay reveals novel candidate biomarker genes in cervical cancer. Epigenetics. 2013; 8(11):1213\u201325.","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2185_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4677-3","volume":"37","author":"E Kudela","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kudela E, Holubekova V, Farkasova A, Danko J. Determination of malignant potential of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Tumor Biol. 2016; 37(2):1521\u20135.","journal-title":"Tumor Biol"},{"issue":"36","key":"2185_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25908","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.484683","volume":"288","author":"MN Yazicioglu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yazicioglu MN, Monaldini L, Chu K, Khazi FR, Murphy SL, Huang H, Margaritis P, High KA. Cellular localization and characterization of cytosolic binding partners for Gla domain-containing proteins PRRG4 and PRRG2. J Biol Chem. 2013; 288(36):25908\u201314.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"2185_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4974","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803128","volume":"182","author":"T Devosse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Devosse T, Guillabert A, D\u2019Haene N, Berton A, De Nadai P, Noel S, Brait M, Franssen J-D, Sozzani S, Salmon I, Parmentier M. Formyl peptide receptor-like 2 is expressed and functional in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, tissue-specific macrophage subpopulations, and eosinophils. J Immunol. 2009; 182(8):4974\u201384.","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-018-2185-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12859-018-2185-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-018-2185-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T16:20:43Z","timestamp":1751646043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12859-018-2185-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-018-2185-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2105"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"174"}}