{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T08:47:50Z","timestamp":1773132470313,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17bm0804008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17bm0804008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-2911-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T10:03:05Z","timestamp":1559210585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pairwise efficiency: a new mathematical approach to qPCR data analysis increases the precision of the calibration curve assay"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yulia","family":"Panina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Germond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brit G.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonobu M.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2911_CR1","first-page":"87","volume-title":"A-Z of quantitative PCR","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pfaffl MW. Chapter 3: Quantification strategies in real-time PCR. In: Bustin SA, La Jolla CA, editors. A-Z of quantitative PCR. USA: International University Line (IUL); 2004. p. 87\u2013112."},{"key":"2911_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2144\/000112776","volume":"44","author":"HD Van Guilder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Guilder HD, Vrana KE, Freeman WM. Twenty-five years of quantitative PCR for gene expression analysis. Biotechniques. 2008;44:619\u201326.","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"2911_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005658330108","volume":"23","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfaffl MW, Hageleit M. Validities of mRNA quantification using recombinant RNA and recombinant DNA external calibration curves in real-time RT-PCR. Biotechnol Lett. 2001;23:275\u201382.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"2911_CR4","first-page":"1026","volume":"11","author":"R Higuchi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Higuchi R, Fockler C, Dollinger G, Watson R. Kinetic PCR analysis: real-time monitoring of DNA amplification reactions. Bio Technol. 1993;11:1026\u201330.","journal-title":"Bio Technol"},{"key":"2911_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","volume":"55","author":"SA Bustin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bustin SA, Benes V, Garson JA, Hellemans J, Huggett J, Kubista M, Mueller R, Nolan T, Pfaffl MW, Shipley GL, Vandesompele J, Wittwer CT. The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Clin Chem. 2009;55:611\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2911_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2012.08.011","volume":"59","author":"JM Ruijter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruijter JM, Pfaffl MW, Zhao S, Spiess AN, Boggy G, Blom J, Rutledge RG, Sisti D, Lievens A, De Preter K, Derveaux S, Hellemans J, Vandesompele J. Evaluation of qPCR curve analysis methods for reliable biomarker discovery: bias, resolution, precision, and implications. Methods. 2013;59:32\u201346.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2911_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2013.12.020","volume":"449","author":"J Tellinghuisen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tellinghuisen J, Spiess AN. Comparing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis methods for precision, linearity, and accuracy of estimating amplification efficiency. Anal Biochem. 2014;449:76\u201382.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"2911_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009731","volume":"5","author":"RG Rutledge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rutledge RG, Stewart D. Assessing the performance capabilities of LRE-based assays for absolute quantitative real-time PCR. PLoS One. 2010;5:e9731.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2911_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr775","volume":"40","author":"A Lievens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lievens A, Van Aelst S, Van den Bulcke M, Goetghebeur E. Enhanced analysis of real-time PCR data by using a variable efficiency model: FPK-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40:e10.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2911_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012355","volume":"5","author":"GJ Boggy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boggy GJ, Woolf PJ. A mechanistic model of PCR for accurate quantification of quantitative PCR data. PLoS One. 2010;5:e12355.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2911_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37640","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037640","volume":"7","author":"AC Carr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carr AC, Moore SD. Robust quantification of polymerase chain reactions using global fitting. PLoS One. 2012;7:e37640.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2911_CR12","first-page":"71","volume":"3","author":"X Rao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rao X, Huang X, Zhou Z, Lin X. An improvement of the 2\u02c6(-delta delta CT) method for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data analysis. Biostat Bioinform Biomath. 2013;3:71\u201385.","journal-title":"Biostat Bioinform Biomath"},{"key":"2911_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bdq.2015.01.005","volume":"3","author":"D Svec","year":"2015","unstructured":"Svec D, Tichopad A, Novosadova V, Pfaffl MW, Kubista M. How good is a PCR efficiency estimate: Recommendations for precise and robust qPCR efficiency assessments. Biomol Detect Quantif. 2015;3:9\u201316.","journal-title":"Biomol Detect Quantif"},{"key":"2911_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2005.12.1047","volume":"12","author":"S Zhao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhao S, Fernald RD. Comprehensive algorithm for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Comput Biol. 2005;12:1047\u201364.","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"2911_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0279","volume":"20","author":"X Rao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rao X, Lai D, Huang X. A new method for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data analysis. J Comput Biol. 2013;20:703\u201311.","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"2911_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spiess AN, Feig C, Ritz C. Highly accurate sigmoidal fitting of real-time PCR data by introducing a parameter for asymmetry. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008;9:221.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-221"},{"key":"2911_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp045","volume":"37","author":"JM Ruijter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ruijter JM, Ramakers C, WMH H, Karlen Y, Bakker O, van den Hoff MJB, Moorman AFM. Amplification efficiency: linking baseline and bias in the analysis of quantitative PCR data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37:e45.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2911_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2014.09.011","volume":"119","author":"BG David","year":"2015","unstructured":"David BG, Okamoto K, Kakizuka T, Ichimura T, Watanabe TM, Fujita H. Gene dynamics of core transcription factors for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. J Biosci Bioeng. 2015;119:406\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biosci Bioeng"},{"key":"2911_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e122","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gng122","volume":"31","author":"A Tichopad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tichopad A, Dilger M, Schwarz G, Pfaffl MW. Standardized determination of real-time PCR efficiency from a single reaction set-up. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003;31:e122.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2911_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr778","volume":"40","author":"T Bar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bar T, Kubista M, Tichopad A. Validation of kinetics similarity in qPCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40:1395\u2013406.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2911_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-3036-4","volume":"10","author":"BG Archer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Archer BG. Note on the PCR threshold standard curve. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10:731.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2911_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-9-96","volume":"9","author":"RG Rutledge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rutledge RG, Stewart D. Critical evaluation of methods used to determine amplification efficiency refutes the exponential character of real-time PCR. BMC Mol Biol. 2008;9:96.","journal-title":"BMC Mol Biol"},{"key":"2911_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-326","volume":"9","author":"M Guescini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guescini M, Sisti D, MBL R, Stocchi L, Stocchi V. A new real-time PCR method to overcome significant quantitative inaccuracy due to slight amplification inhibition. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008;9:326.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2911_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","volume":"29","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfaffl MW. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001;29:e45.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2911_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-014-0372-4","volume":"15","author":"ME Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones ME, Mayne GC, Wang T, Watson DI, Hussey DJ. A fixed-point algorithm for estimating amplification efficiency from a polymerase chain reaction dilution series. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014;15:372.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-019-2911-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12859-019-2911-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-019-2911-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T19:07:17Z","timestamp":1590692837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12859-019-2911-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-019-2911-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/399337","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable: no human materials, humans or animals were used in this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"295"}}