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However, the prolonged vegetative stages and uncertainty of flowering brings difficulties in bamboo flowers sampling. Until now, the flowering mechanism of bamboo is still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, three successive stages of flowering buds and the corresponding vegetative buds (non-flowering stage) from Lei bamboo (<jats:italic>Phyllostachys violascens<\/jats:italic>) were collected for transcriptome analysis using Illumina RNA-Seq method. We generated about 442 million clean reads from the above samples, and 132,678 unigenes were acquired with N50 of 1080\u2009bp. A total of 7266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined. According to expression profile and gene function analysis, some environmental stress responsive and plant hormone-related DEGs were highly expressed in the inflorescence meristem formation stage (TF_1) while some floral organ development related genes were up-regulated significantly in floral organs determination stage (TF_2) and floral organs maturation (TF_3) stage, implying the essential roles of these DEGs in flower induction and maturation of Lei bamboo. Additionally, a total of 25 MADS-box unigenes were identified. Based on the expression profile, B, C\/D and E clade genes were more related to floral organs development compared with A clade genes in Lei bamboo.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This transcriptome data presents fundamental information about the genes and pathways involved in flower induction and development of Lei bamboo. Moreover, a critical sampling method is provided which could be benefit for bamboo flowering mechanism study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-3261-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T09:02:35Z","timestamp":1577178155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the flower induction and development of the Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yulian","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiutao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longfei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaolu","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinchun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balasubramanian S, Sureshkumar S, Lempe J, et al. 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