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Coalitional game theory (CGT) is an exciting method that can consider the combinatorial effect of groups of variants working in concert to produce a phenotype. CGT has been applied to associate likely-gene-disrupting variants encoded from whole genome sequence data to ASD; however, this previous approach cannot take into account for prior biological knowledge. Here we extend CGT to incorporate a priori knowledge from biological networks through a game theoretic centrality measure based on Shapley value to rank genes by their relevance\u2013the individual gene\u2019s synergistic influence in a gene-to-gene interaction network. Game theoretic centrality extends the notion of Shapley value to the evaluation of a gene\u2019s contribution to the overall connectivity of its corresponding node in a biological network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We implemented and applied game theoretic centrality to rank genes on whole genomes from 756 multiplex autism families. Top ranking genes with the highest game theoretic centrality in both the weighted and unweighted approaches were enriched for pathways previously associated with autism, including pathways of the immune system. Four of the selected genes HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-G, and HLA-DRB1\u2013have also been implicated in ASD and further support the link between ASD and the human leukocyte antigen complex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Game theoretic centrality can prioritize influential, disease-associated genes within biological networks, and assist in the decoding of polygenic associations to complex disorders like autism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03693-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T12:03:47Z","timestamp":1597233827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Game theoretic centrality: a novel approach to prioritize disease candidate genes by combining biological networks with the Shapley value"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Min Woo","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kelley M.","family":"Paskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nate T.","family":"Stockham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brianna S.","family":"Chrisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter Y.","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jae-Yoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis P.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3693_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2626","volume":"11","author":"ML Metzker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Metzker ML. 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