{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:30:26Z","timestamp":1781796626414,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Research on the molecular ecology of non-model organisms, while previously constrained, has now been greatly facilitated by the advent of reduced-representation sequencing protocols. However, tools that allow these large datasets to be efficiently parsed are often lacking, or if indeed available, then limited by the necessity of a comparable reference genome as an adjunct. This, of course, can be difficult when working with non-model organisms. Fortunately, pipelines are currently available that avoid this prerequisite, thus allowing data to be a priori parsed. An oft-used molecular ecology program (i.e., S\n                      <jats:sc>tructure<\/jats:sc>\n                      ), for example, is facilitated by such pipelines, yet they are surprisingly absent for a second program that is similarly popular and computationally more efficient (i.e., A\n                      <jats:sc>dmixture<\/jats:sc>\n                      ). The two programs differ in that A\n                      <jats:sc>dmixture<\/jats:sc>\n                      employs a maximum-likelihood framework whereas S\n                      <jats:sc>tructure<\/jats:sc>\n                      uses a Bayesian approach, yet both produce similar results. Given these issues, there is an overriding (and recognized) need among researchers in molecular ecology for bioinformatic software that will not only condense output from replicated A\n                      <jats:sc>dmixture<\/jats:sc>\n                      runs, but also infer from these data the optimal number of population clusters (\n                      <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here we provide such a program (i.e., A\n                      <jats:sc>dmix<\/jats:sc>\n                      P\n                      <jats:sc>ipe<\/jats:sc>\n                      ) that (a) filters SNPs to allow the delineation of population structure in A\n                      <jats:sc>dmixture<\/jats:sc>\n                      , then (b) parses the output for summarization and graphical representation via C\n                      <jats:sc>lumpak<\/jats:sc>\n                      . Our benchmarks effectively demonstrate how efficient the pipeline is for processing large, non-model datasets generated via double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD). Outputs not only parallel those from S\n                      <jats:sc>tructure<\/jats:sc>\n                      , but also visualize the variation among individual A\n                      <jats:sc>dmixture<\/jats:sc>\n                      runs, so as to facilitate selection of the most appropriate\n                      <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sc>dmix<\/jats:sc>\n                      P\n                      <jats:sc>ipe<\/jats:sc>\n                      successfully integrates A\n                      <jats:sc>dmixture<\/jats:sc>\n                      analysis with popular variant call format (VCF) filtering software to yield file types readily analyzed by C\n                      <jats:sc>lumpak<\/jats:sc>\n                      . Large population genomic datasets derived from non-model organisms are efficiently analyzed via the parallel-processing capabilities of A\n                      <jats:sc>dmixture<\/jats:sc>\n                      . A\n                      <jats:sc>dmix<\/jats:sc>\n                      P\n                      <jats:sc>ipe<\/jats:sc>\n                      is distributed under the GNU Public License and freely available for Mac OSX and Linux platforms at:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/stevemussmann\/admixturePipeline\">https:\/\/github.com\/stevemussmann\/admixturePipeline<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03701-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T13:02:53Z","timestamp":1596027773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["AdmixPipe: population analyses in Admixture for non-model organisms"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5237-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven M.","family":"Mussmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlis R.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler K.","family":"Chafin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3701_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037135","volume":"7","author":"BK Peterson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peterson BK, Weber JN, Kay EH, Fisher HS, Hoekstra HE. Double digest RADseq: an inexpensive method for de novo SNP discovery and genotyping in model and non-model species. PLoS One. 2012;7:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037135.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3701_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.183665","volume":"202","author":"OA Ali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali OA, O\u2019Rourke SM, Amish SJ, Meek MH, Luikart G, Jeffres C, et al. RAD capture (rapture): flexible and efficient sequence-based genotyping. Genetics. 2016;202:389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1534\/genetics.115.183665.","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"3701_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5681207","volume":"17","author":"MR Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller MR, Dunham JP, Amores A, Cresko WA, Johnson EA. Rapid and cost-effective polymorphism identification and genotyping using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers. Genome Res. 2007;17:240\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.5681207.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"3701_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12357","volume":"15","author":"NR Campbell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Campbell NR, Harmon SA, Narum SR. Genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing (GT-seq): a cost effective SNP genotyping method based on custom amplicon sequencing. Mol Ecol Resour. 2015;15:855\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1755-0998.12357.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"3701_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13647","volume":"25","author":"LM Benestan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benestan LM, Ferchaud A-L, Hohenlohe PA, Garner BA, Naylor GJP, Baums IB, et al. Conservation genomics of natural and managed populations: building a conceptual and practical framework. Mol Ecol. 2016;25:2967\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.13647.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"3701_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106713","volume":"9","author":"JM DaCosta","year":"2014","unstructured":"DaCosta JM, Sorenson MD. Amplification biases and consistent recovery of loci in a double-digest RAD-seq protocol. PLoS One. 2014;9:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0106713.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3701_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14792","volume":"27","author":"SJ O\u2019Leary","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary SJ, Puritz JB, Willis SC, Hollenbeck CM, Portnoy DS. These aren\u2019t the loci you\u2019re looking for: principles of effective SNP filtering for molecular ecologists. Mol Ecol. 2018;27:3193\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.14792.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"3701_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12700","volume":"8","author":"ABA Shafer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shafer ABA, Peart CR, Tusso S, Maayan I, Brelsford A, Wheat CW, et al. Bioinformatic processing of RAD-seq data dramatically impacts downstream population genetic inference. Methods Ecol Evol. 2017;8:907\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12700.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"3701_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12995","volume":"19","author":"E Linck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Linck E, Battey CJ. Minor allele frequency thresholds strongly affect population structure inference with genomic data sets. Mol Ecol Resour. 2019;19:639\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1755-0998.12995.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"3701_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00533","volume":"10","author":"N D\u00edaz-Arce","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Arce N, Rodr\u00edguez-Ezpeleta N. Selecting RAD-Seq data analysis parameters for population genetics: the more the better? Front Genet. 2019;10:533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2019.00533.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"3701_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945","volume":"155","author":"JK Pritchard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics. 2000;155:945\u201359 http:\/\/www.genetics.org\/content\/155\/2\/945.abstract.","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"3701_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.4.1567","volume":"164","author":"D Falush","year":"2003","unstructured":"Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies. Genetics. 2003;164:1567 http:\/\/www.genetics.org\/content\/164\/4\/1567.abstract.","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"3701_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02591.x","volume":"9","author":"MJ Hubisz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hubisz MJ, Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK. Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. Mol Ecol Resour. 2009;9:1322\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02591.x.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"3701_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x","volume":"14","author":"G Evanno","year":"2005","unstructured":"Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study. Mol Ecol. 2005;14:2611\u201320.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"3701_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004530","volume":"10","author":"P Verdu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Verdu P, Pemberton TJ, Laurent R, Kemp BM, Gonzalez-Oliver A, Gorodezky C, et al. Patterns of admixture and population structure in native populations of Northwest North America. PLoS Genet. 2014;10:e1004530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004530.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"3701_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1593-0","volume":"18","author":"VE Chhatre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chhatre VE, Emerson KJ. StrAuto: automation and parallelization of STRUCTURE analysis. BMC Bioinformatics. 2017;18:192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-017-1593-0.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3701_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70651","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070651","volume":"8","author":"F Besnier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Besnier F, Glover KA. ParallelStructure: A R package to distribute parallel runs of the population genetics program STRUCTURE on multi-core computers. PLoS One. 2013;8:e70651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070651.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3701_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2003.00566.x","volume":"4","author":"NA Rosenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosenberg NA. Distruct: a program for the graphical display of population structure. Mol Ecol Notes. 2004;4:137\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2003.00566.x.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Notes"},{"key":"3701_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm233","volume":"23","author":"M Jakobsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jakobsson M, Rosenberg NA. CLUMPP: a cluster matching and permutation program for dealing with label switching and multimodality in analysis of population structure. Bioinformatics. 2007;23:1801\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm233.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"3701_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12387","volume":"15","author":"NM Kopelman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kopelman NM, Mayzel J, Jakobsson M, Rosenberg NA, Mayrose I. CLUMPAK: a program for identifying clustering modes and packaging population structure inferences across K. Mol Ecol Resour. 2015;15:1179\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1755-0998.12387.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"3701_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s12686-011-9548-7","volume":"4","author":"DA Earl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Earl DA, von Holdt BM. STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method. Conserv Genet Resour. 2012;4:359\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12686-011-9548-7.","journal-title":"Conserv Genet Resour"},{"key":"3701_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","volume":"19","author":"DH Alexander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alexander DH, Novembre J, Lange K. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res. 2009;19:1655\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.094052.109.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"3701_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W295","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv351","volume":"43","author":"A Dereeper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dereeper A, Homa F, Andres G, Sempere G, Sarah G, Hueber Y, et al. SNiPlay3: a web-based application for exploration and large scale analyses of genomic variations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43:W295\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkv351.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3701_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw327","volume":"32","author":"AA Behr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Behr AA, Liu KZ, Liu-Fang G, Nakka P, Ramachandran S. Pong: fast analysis and visualization of latent clusters in population genetic data. Bioinformatics. 2016;32:2817\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw327.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"3701_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-246","volume":"12","author":"DH Alexander","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alexander DH, Lange K. Enhancements to the ADMIXTURE algorithm for individual ancestry estimation. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011;12:246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-12-246.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3701_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MAR, Bender D, et al. PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;81:559\u201375 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1950838\/.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3701_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr330","volume":"27","author":"P Danecek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Danecek P, Auton A, Abecasis G, Albers CA, Banks E, DePristo MA. The variant call format and VCFtools. Bioinformatics. 2011;27:2156\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr330.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"3701_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.1.381","volume":"164","author":"B Law","year":"2003","unstructured":"Law B, Buckleton JS, Triggs CM, Weir BS. Effects of population structure and admixture on exact tests for association between loci. Genetics. 2003;164:381\u20137 https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12750348.","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"3701_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz966","volume":"36","author":"DAR Eaton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eaton DAR, Overcast I. Ipyrad: interactive assembly and analysis of RADseq datasets. Bioinformatics. 2020;36:2592\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz966.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"3701_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15253","volume":"28","author":"NC Rochette","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rochette NC, Rivera-Col\u00f3n AG, Catchen JM. Stacks 2: analytical methods for paired-end sequencing improve RADseq-based population genomics. Mol Ecol. 2019;28:4737\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.15253.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"3701_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu121","volume":"30","author":"DA Eaton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eaton DA. PyRAD: assembly of de novo RADseq loci for phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics. 2014;30:1844\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu121.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"3701_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-019-0259-2","volume":"123","author":"TK Chafin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chafin TK, Douglas MR, Martin BT, Douglas ME. Hybridization drives genetic erosion in sympatric desert fishes of western North America. Heredity. 2019;123:759\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41437-019-0259-2.","journal-title":"Heredity."},{"key":"3701_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.114.164350","volume":"197","author":"A Raj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raj A, Stephens M, Pritchard JK. fastSTRUCTURE: variational inference of population structure in large SNP data sets. Genetics. 2014;197:573\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1534\/genetics.114.164350.","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"3701_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14187","volume":"26","author":"JK Janes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Janes JK, Miller JM, Dupuis JR, Malenfant RM, Gorrell JC, Cullingham CI, et al. The K = 2 conundrum. Mol Ecol. 2017;26:3594\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.14187.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03701-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03701-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03701-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T19:06:26Z","timestamp":1627499186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03701-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03701-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.07.06.190389","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"337"}}