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However, due to the fragmentization of disease module in incomplete human interactome, how to determine connectivity pattern and detect a complete neighbourhood of disease based on this is still an open question.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this paper, we perform exploratory analysis leading to an important observation that through a few intermediate nodes, most separate connected components formed by disease-associated proteins can be effectively connected and eventually form a complete disease module. And based on the topological properties of these intermediate nodes, we propose a connect separate connected components (C3) method to detect a succinct disease module by introducing a relatively small number of intermediate nodes, which allows us to obtain more pure disease module than other methods. Then we apply C3 across a large corpus of diseases to validate this connectivity pattern of disease module. Furthermore, the connectivity of the perturbed genes in multi-omics data such as The Cancer Genome Atlas also fits this pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>C3 tool is not only useful in detecting a clearly-defined connected disease neighbourhood of 299 diseases and cancer with multi-omics data, but also helpful in better understanding the interconnection of phenotypically related genes in different omics data and studying complex pathological processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03769-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T06:02:58Z","timestamp":1601618578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["C3: connect separate connected components to form a succinct disease module"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1808-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanjun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingli","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3769_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8685","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701361104","volume":"104","author":"K-I Goh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goh K-I, Cusick ME, Valle D, Childs B, Vidal M, Barab\u00e1si A-L. 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