{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:32:01Z","timestamp":1776825121767,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1759831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1759831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-throughput sequencing has increased the number of available microbial genomes recovered from isolates, single cells, and metagenomes. Accordingly, fast and comprehensive functional gene annotation pipelines are needed to analyze and compare these genomes. Although several approaches exist for genome annotation, these are typically not designed for easy incorporation into analysis pipelines, do not combine results from different annotation databases or offer easy-to-use summaries of metabolic reconstructions, and typically require large amounts of computing power for high-throughput analysis not available to the average user.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we introduce MicrobeAnnotator, a fully automated, easy-to-use pipeline for the comprehensive functional annotation of microbial genomes that combines results from several reference protein databases and returns the matching annotations together with key metadata such as the interlinked identifiers of matching reference proteins from multiple databases [KEGG Orthology (KO), Enzyme Commission (E.C.), Gene Ontology (GO), Pfam, and InterPro]. Further, the functional annotations are summarized into Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) modules as part of a graphical output (heatmap) that allows the user to quickly detect differences among (multiple) query genomes and cluster the genomes based on their metabolic similarity. MicrobeAnnotator is implemented in Python 3 and is freely available under an open-source Artistic License 2.0 from\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cruizperez\/MicrobeAnnotator\">https:\/\/github.com\/cruizperez\/MicrobeAnnotator<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrated the capabilities of MicrobeAnnotator by annotating 100\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 78 environmental Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacterial genomes and comparing the results to those of other popular tools. We showed that the use of multiple annotation databases allows MicrobeAnnotator to recover more annotations per genome compared to faster tools that use reduced databases and is computationally efficient for use in personal computers. The output of MicrobeAnnotator can be easily incorporated into other analysis pipelines while the results of other annotation tools can be seemingly incorporated into MicrobeAnnotator to generate summary plots.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03940-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T15:05:26Z","timestamp":1609945526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["MicrobeAnnotator: a user-friendly, comprehensive functional annotation pipeline for microbial genomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Ruiz-Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roth E.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Konstantinos T.","family":"Konstantinidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3940_CR1","unstructured":"RefSeq Growth Statistics. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/refseq\/statistics\/."},{"issue":"5","key":"3940_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiaa057","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa057","volume":"96","author":"Y Xue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xue Y, Jonassen I, Ovreas L, Tas N. Metagenome-assembled genome distribution and key functionality highlight importance of aerobic metabolism in Svalbard permafrost. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2020;96(5):fiaa057.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3940_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02144-7","volume":"21","author":"T Wilkinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilkinson T, Korir D, Ogugo M, Stewart RD, Watson M, Paxton E, Goopy J, Robert C. 1200 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from the rumen of African cattle and their relevance in the context of sub-optimal feeding. Genome Biol. 2020;21(1):229.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"3940_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12880","volume":"12","author":"L Nascimento Lemos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nascimento Lemos L, Manoharan L, William Mendes L, Monteiro Venturini A, Satler Pylro V, Tsai SM. Metagenome assembled-genomes reveal similar functional profiles of CPR\/Patescibacteria phyla in soils. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2020;12:651\u20135.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"3940_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809633-8.20092-7","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of bioinformatics and computational biology","author":"A Christoffels","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christoffels A, van Heusden P. Genome annotation: perspective from bacterial genomes. In: Ranganathan S, Gribskov M, Nakai K, Sch\u00f6nbach C, editors. Encyclopedia of bioinformatics and computational biology. Oxford: Academic Press; 2019. p. 152\u20136."},{"issue":"7615","key":"3940_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19068","volume":"536","author":"D Tsementzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsementzi D, Wu J, Deutsch S, Nath S, Rodriguez RL, Burns AS, Ranjan P, Sarode N, Malmstrom RR, Padilla CC, et al. SAR11 bacteria linked to ocean anoxia and nitrogen loss. Nature. 2016;536(7615):179\u201383.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3940_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.01045-20","author":"ND Youngblut","year":"2020","unstructured":"Youngblut ND, de la Cuesta-Zuluaga J, Reischer GH, Dauser S, Schuster N, Walzer C, Stalder G, Farnleitner AH, Ley RE. Large-scale metagenome assembly reveals novel animal-associated microbial genomes, biosynthetic gene clusters, and other genetic diversity. Systems. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSystems.01045-20.","journal-title":"Systems"},{"issue":"12","key":"3940_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq275","volume":"38","author":"W Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu W, Lomsadze A, Borodovsky M. Ab initio gene identification in metagenomic sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(12):e132.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3940_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-119","volume":"11","author":"D Hyatt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hyatt D, Chen GL, Locascio PF, Land ML, Larimer FW, Hauser LJ. Prodigal: prokaryotic gene recognition and translation initiation site identification. BMC Bioinform. 2010;11:119.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"issue":"6","key":"3940_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsn027","volume":"15","author":"H Noguchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noguchi H, Taniguchi T, Itoh T. MetaGeneAnnotator: detecting species-specific patterns of ribosomal binding site for precise gene prediction in anonymous prokaryotic and phage genomes. DNA Res. 2008;15(6):387\u201396.","journal-title":"DNA Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"3940_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx148","volume":"34","author":"J Huerta-Cepas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huerta-Cepas J, Forslund K, Coelho LP, Szklarczyk D, Jensen LJ, von Mering C, Bork P. Fast genome-wide functional annotation through orthology assignment by eggNOG-Mapper. Mol Biol Evol. 2017;34(8):2115\u201322.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"Web Server issu","key":"3940_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W116","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki442","volume":"33","author":"E Quevillon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quevillon E, Silventoinen V, Pillai S, Harte N, Mulder N, Apweiler R, Lopez R. InterProScan: protein domains identifier. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33(Web Server issue):W116\u201320.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3940_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D457","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1070","volume":"44","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kanehisa M, Sato Y, Kawashima M, Furumichi M, Tanabe M. KEGG as a reference resource for gene and protein annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D457-462.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3940_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D158","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1099","volume":"45","author":"The UniProt Center","year":"2017","unstructured":"The UniProt Center. UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(D1):D158\u201369.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3940_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D851","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1068","volume":"46","author":"DH Haft","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haft DH, DiCuccio M, Badretdin A, Brover V, Chetvernin V, O\u2019Neill K, Li W, Chitsaz F, Derbyshire MK, Gonzales NR, et al. RefSeq: an update on prokaryotic genome annotation and curation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(D1):D851\u201360.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3940_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D351","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1100","volume":"47","author":"AL Mitchell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitchell AL, Attwood TK, Babbitt PC, Blum M, Bork P, Bridge A, Brown SD, Chang HY, El-Gebali S, Fraser MI, et al. InterPro in 2019: improving coverage, classification and access to protein sequence annotations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D351\u201360.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3940_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D427","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky995","volume":"47","author":"S El-Gebali","year":"2019","unstructured":"El-Gebali S, Mistry J, Bateman A, Eddy SR, Luciani A, Potter SC, Qureshi M, Richardson LJ, Salazar GA, Smart A, et al. The Pfam protein families database in 2019. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D427\u201332.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"3940_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5691","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki866","volume":"33","author":"R Overbeek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Overbeek R, Begley T, Butler RM, Choudhuri JV, Chuang HY, Cohoon M, de Crecy-Lagard V, Diaz N, Disz T, Edwards R, et al. The subsystems approach to genome annotation and its use in the project to annotate 1000 genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33(17):5691\u2013702.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"3940_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00419-13","volume":"57","author":"AG McArthur","year":"2013","unstructured":"McArthur AG, Waglechner N, Nizam F, Yan A, Azad MA, Baylay AJ, Bhullar K, Canova MJ, De Pascale G, Ejim L, et al. The comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(7):3348\u201357.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"14","key":"3940_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6614","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw569","volume":"44","author":"T Tatusova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tatusova T, DiCuccio M, Badretdin A, Chetvernin V, Nawrocki EP, Zaslavsky L, Lomsadze A, Pruitt KD, Borodovsky M, Ostell J. NCBI prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(14):6614\u201324.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"3940_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","volume":"30","author":"T Seemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seemann T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics. 2014;30(14):2068\u20139.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"15","key":"3940_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D206","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1226","volume":"42","author":"R Overbeek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Overbeek R, Olson R, Pusch GD, Olsen GJ, Davis JJ, Disz T, Edwards RA, Gerdes S, Parrello B, Shukla M, et al. The SEED and the Rapid Annotation of microbial genomes using Subsystems Technology (RAST). Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42(15):D206\u201314.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"3940_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8883","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa621","volume":"48","author":"M Shaffer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shaffer M, Borton MA, McGivern BB, Zayed AA, La Rosa SL, Solden LM, Liu P, Narrowe AB, Rodriguez-Ramos J, Bolduc B, et al. DRAM for distilling microbial metabolism to automate the curation of microbiome function. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(16):8883\u2013900.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3940_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421","volume":"10","author":"C Camacho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Camacho C, Coulouris G, Avagyan V, Ma N, Papadopoulos J, Bealer K, Madden TL. BLAST+: architecture and applications. BMC Bioinform. 2009;10:421.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"issue":"1","key":"3940_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3176","volume":"12","author":"B Buchfink","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buchfink B, Xie C, Huson DH. Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND. Nat Methods. 2015;12(1):59\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"3940_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3.15.1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.40","volume":"60","author":"A Prakash","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prakash A, Jeffryes M, Bateman A, Finn RD. The HMMER web server for protein sequence similarity search. Curr Protoc Bioinform. 2017;60:3.15.1-3.15.23.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Bioinform"},{"issue":"1","key":"3940_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3711","volume":"29","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kanehisa M, Sato Y. KEGG Mapper for inferring cellular functions from protein sequences. Protein Sci. 2020;29(1):28\u201335.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3940_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2018.1476122","volume":"82","author":"W Arai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arai W, Taniguchi T, Goto S, Moriya Y, Uehara H, Takemoto K, Ogata H, Takami H. MAPLE 230: an improved system for evaluating the functionomes of genomes and metagenomes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2018;82(9):1515\u20137.","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"issue":"7","key":"3940_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz859","volume":"36","author":"T Aramaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aramaki T, Blanc-Mathieu R, Endo H, Ohkubo K, Kanehisa M, Goto S, Ogata H. KofamKOALA: KEGG Ortholog assignment based on profile HMM and adaptive score threshold. Bioinformatics. 2020;36(7):2251\u20132.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3940_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D506","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1049","volume":"47","author":"C UniProt","year":"2019","unstructured":"UniProt C. UniProt: a worldwide hub of protein knowledge. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D506\u201315.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3940_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D733","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1189","volume":"44","author":"NA O'Leary","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary NA, Wright MW, Brister JR, Ciufo S, Haddad D, McVeigh R, Rajput B, Robbertse B, Smith-White B, Ako-Adjei D, et al. Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D733-745.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"3940_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i680","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw445","volume":"32","author":"R Vaser","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vaser R, Pavlovic D, Sikic M. SWORD-a highly efficient protein database search. Bioinformatics. 2016;32(17):i680\u20134.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"11","key":"3940_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3715","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanehisa M. Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms. Protein Sci. 2019;28(11):1947\u201351.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"3940_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fnx004","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnx004","volume":"364","author":"K D'Amico","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico K, Filiatrault MJ. The conserved hypothetical protein PSPTO_3957 is essential for virulence in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2017;364(8):fnx004.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"3940_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13566","volume":"283","author":"L Jose","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jose L, Ramachandran R, Bhagavat R, Gomez RL, Chandran A, Raghunandanan S, Omkumar RV, Chandra N, Mundayoor S, Kumar RA. Hypothetical protein Rv3423.1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a histone acetyltransferase. FEBS J. 2016;283(2):265\u201381.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"7559","key":"3940_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14486","volume":"523","author":"CT Brown","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brown CT, Hug LA, Thomas BC, Sharon I, Castelle CJ, Singh A, Wilkins MJ, Wrighton KC, Williams KH, Banfield JF. Unusual biology across a group comprising more than 15% of domain Bacteria. Nature. 2015;523(7559):208\u201311.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"3940_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0076-2","volume":"16","author":"CJ Castelle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castelle CJ, Brown CT, Anantharaman K, Probst AJ, Huang RH, Banfield JF. Biosynthetic capacity, metabolic variety and unusual biology in the CPR and DPANN radiations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16(10):629\u201345.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"3940_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1607","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1607","volume":"4","author":"K Anantharaman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anantharaman K, Brown CT, Burstein D, Castelle CJ, Probst AJ, Thomas BC, Williams KH, Banfield JF. Analysis of five complete genome sequences for members of the class Peribacteria in the recently recognized Peregrinibacteria bacterial phylum. PeerJ. 2016;4:e1607.","journal-title":"PeerJ"}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03940-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03940-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03940-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:05:46Z","timestamp":1610582746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03940-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-020-03940-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.07.20.211847","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}