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In clinical practice, this is often challenging because patient cohorts are typically small and can be heterogeneous. In classical subgroup analysis, a separate prediction model is fitted using only the data of one specific cohort. However, this can lead to a loss of power when the sample size is small. Simple pooling of all cohorts, on the other hand, can lead to biased results, especially when the cohorts are heterogeneous.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We propose a new Bayesian approach suitable for continuous molecular measurements and survival outcome that identifies the important predictors and provides a separate risk prediction model for each cohort. It allows sharing information between cohorts to increase power by assuming a graph linking predictors within and across different cohorts. The graph helps to identify pathways of functionally related genes and genes that are simultaneously prognostic in different cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results demonstrate that our proposed approach is superior to the standard approaches in terms of prediction performance and increased power in variable selection when the sample size is small.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-021-04483-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T09:02:51Z","timestamp":1639213371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Combining heterogeneous subgroups with graph-structured variable selection priors for Cox regression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6169-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Madjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Zucknick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Ickstadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Rahnenf\u00fchrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1214\/009053604000000238","volume":"32","author":"MM Barbieri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barbieri MM, Berger JO. 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