{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:02:41Z","timestamp":1781884961356,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022M3C1A3081366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022M3C1A3081366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-024-05943-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T16:01:51Z","timestamp":1727798511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficient and low-complexity variable-to-variable length coding for DNA storage"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"No","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6102","key":"5943_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226355","volume":"337","author":"GM Church","year":"2012","unstructured":"Church GM, Gao Y, Kosuri S. Next-generation digital information storage in DNA. Science. 2012;337(6102):1628\u20131628.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6328","key":"5943_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaj2038","volume":"355","author":"Y Erlich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Erlich Y, Zielinski D. DNA fountain enables a robust and efficient storage architecture. Science. 2017;355(6328):950\u20134.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"5943_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.37.110801.143214","volume":"38","author":"S P\u00e4\u00e4bo","year":"2004","unstructured":"P\u00e4\u00e4bo S, Poinar H, Serre D, Jaenicke-Despr\u00e9s V, Hebler J, Rohland N, Kuch M, Krause J, Vigilant L, Hofreiter M. Genetic analyses from ancient DNA. Annu Rev Genet. 2004;38(1):645\u201379.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"5943_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1060","volume":"38","author":"J Bonnet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonnet J, Colotte M, Coudy D, Couallier V, Portier J, Morin B, Tuffet S. Chain and conformation stability of solid-state DNA: implications for room temperature storage. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(5):1531\u201346.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5943_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05188-1","volume":"7","author":"S Yazdi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yazdi S, Gabrys R, Milenkovic O. Portable and error-free DNA-based data storage. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7435","key":"5943_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11875","volume":"494","author":"N Goldman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldman N, Bertone P, Chen S, Dessimoz C, LeProust EM, Sipos B, Birney E. Towards practical, high-capacity, low-maintenance information storage in synthesized DNA. Nature. 2013;494(7435):77\u201380.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"5943_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2866566","volume":"22","author":"W Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song W, Cai K, Zhang M, Yuen C. Codes with run-length and GC-content constraints for DNA-based data storage. IEEE Commun Lett. 2018;22(10):2004\u20137.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"5943_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2912572","volume":"23","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Noor-A-Rahim M, Gunawan E, Guan YL, Poh CL. Construction of bio-constrained code for DNA data storage. IEEE Commun Lett. 2019;23(6):963\u20136.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"8","key":"5943_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.2991461","volume":"24","author":"P Mishra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mishra P, Bhaya C, Pal AK, Singh AK. Compressed DNA coding using minimum variance Huffman tree. IEEE Commun Lett. 2020;24(8):1602\u20136.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"5943_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.23919\/JCN.2022.000008","volume":"24","author":"S-J Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park S-J, Lee Y, No J-S. Iterative coding scheme satisfying GC balance and run-length constraints for DNA storage with robustness to error propagation. J Commun Netw. 2022;24(3):283\u201391.","journal-title":"J Commun Netw"},{"key":"5943_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimopoulou M, San\u00a0Antonio EG, Antonini M. A jpeg-based image coding solution for data storage on dna. In: 2021 29th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), 2021;786\u2013790. IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO54536.2021.9616020"},{"issue":"2","key":"5943_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3029071","volume":"25","author":"KG Benerjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benerjee KG, Banerjee A. On DNA codes with multiple constraints. IEEE Commun Lett. 2020;25(2):365\u20138.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"19","key":"5943_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab246","volume":"37","author":"J Jeong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeong J, Park S-J, Kim J-W, No J-S, Jeon HH, Lee JW, No A, Kim S, Park H. Cooperative sequence clustering and decoding for DNA storage system with fountain codes. Bioinformatics. 2021;37(19):3136\u201343.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5943_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.05.398","volume":"80","author":"M Blawat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blawat M, Gaedke K, Huetter I, Chen X-M, Turczyk B, Inverso S, Pruitt BW, Church GM. Forward error correction for DNA data storage. Proced Comput Sci. 2016;80:1011\u201322.","journal-title":"Proced Comput Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5943_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0125-3","volume":"20","author":"L Ceze","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ceze L, Nivala J, Strauss K. Molecular digital data storage using DNA. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20(8):456\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"5943_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3023826","volume":"25","author":"JH Weber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weber JH, De Groot JA, Van Leeuwen CJ. On single-error-detecting codes for DNA-based data storage. IEEE Commun Lett. 2020;25(1):41\u20134.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"31","key":"5943_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18489","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2004821117","volume":"117","author":"WH Press","year":"2020","unstructured":"Press WH, Hawkins JA, Jones SK Jr, Schaub JM, Finkelstein IJ. Hedges error-correcting code for DNA storage corrects indels and allows sequence constraints. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2020;117(31):18489\u201396.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5943_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1209","volume":"50","author":"HF L\u00f6chel","year":"2022","unstructured":"L\u00f6chel HF, Welzel M, Hattab G, Hauschild A-C, Heider D. Fractal construction of constrained code words for DNA storage systems. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(5):30\u201330.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5943_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36297-3","volume":"14","author":"M Welzel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Welzel M, Schwarz PM, L\u00f6chel HF, Kabdullayeva T, Clemens S, Becker A, Freisleben B, Heider D. DNA-aeon provides flexible arithmetic coding for constraint adherence and error correction in DNA storage. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):628.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"5943_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6283","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2018.2792488","volume":"64","author":"ST Yazdi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yazdi ST, Kiah HM, Gabrys R, Milenkovic O. Mutually uncorrelated primers for DNA-based data storage. IEEE Trans Inf Theory. 2018;64(9):6283\u201396.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"issue":"6","key":"5943_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2019.2940177","volume":"17","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Noor-A-Rahim M, Zhang J, Gunawan E, Guan YL, Poh CL. Oligo design with single primer binding site for high capacity DNA-based data storage. IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinf. 2019;17(6):2176\u201382.","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinf"},{"key":"5943_CR22","volume-title":"On the Probability of Large Deviations of Random Variables","author":"IN Sanov","year":"1958","unstructured":"Sanov IN. On the Probability of Large Deviations of Random Variables. United States Air Force: Office of Scientific Research, University of Michigan; 1958."}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-024-05943-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12859-024-05943-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12859-024-05943-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T16:01:55Z","timestamp":1727798515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12859-024-05943-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-024-05943-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"320"}}