{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:32:26Z","timestamp":1776357146637,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-016-0117-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T02:04:36Z","timestamp":1457748276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Efficient quantitative assessment of facial paralysis using iris segmentation and active contour-based key points detection with hybrid classifier"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyubum","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Lodhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Gu","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo-Keun","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaewoo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"117_CR1","unstructured":"Kanerva M. Peripheral facial palsy grading, etiology, and melkersson\u2013rosenthal syndrome. PhD thesis, University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Otorhinolaryngology. 2008."},{"key":"117_CR2","volume-title":"In The Facial Nerve, May\u2019s Second Edition","author":"M May","year":"2000","unstructured":"May M. Anatomy for the clinician In: May M, Schaitkin B, editors. In The Facial Nerve, May\u2019s Second Edition. 2nd edn., New York: Thieme, New York: 2000. p. 19\u201356."},{"issue":"7","key":"117_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/000164802760370736","volume":"122","author":"E Peitersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peitersen E. Bell\u2019s palsy: the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral facialnerve palsies of different etiologies. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002; 122(7):4\u201330.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"117_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411000203","volume":"110","author":"G Murty","year":"1994","unstructured":"Murty G, Diver JP, Kelly PJ. The nottingham system: objective assessment of facial nerve function in the clinic. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994; 110:156\u201361.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"117_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(90)90347-U","volume":"69","author":"M Fields","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fields M. Facial nerve function index: a clinical measurement of facial nerve activity in patients with facial nerve palsies. Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Surg. 1990; 69:681\u2013682.","journal-title":"Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Surg"},{"key":"117_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(96)70206-1","volume":"114","author":"BG Ross","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ross BG, Fradet G, Nedzelski JM. Development of a sensitive clinical facial grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996; 114:380\u20136.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"117_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1986.03780070067015","volume":"112","author":"S Burres","year":"1986","unstructured":"Burres S, Fisch U. The comparison of facial grading system. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986; 112:753\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"117_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202","volume":"93","author":"JW House","year":"1985","unstructured":"House JW, Brackmann DE. Facial. nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985; 93:146\u20137.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"117_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20868","volume":"120","author":"J Neely","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neely J, Cherian N, Dickerson C, Nedzelski J. Sunnybrook facial grading system: Reliability and criteria for grading. Laryngoscope. 2010; 120:1038\u20131045.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"117_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.12.031","volume":"140","author":"J Vrabec","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vrabec J, Backous D, Djalilian H, Gidley P, Leonetti J, Marzo S, et al. Facial nerve grading system 2.0. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009; 140(4):445\u201350.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"117_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70120-7","volume":"117","author":"J Rickenmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rickenmann J, Jaquenod C, Cerenko D, Fisch U. Comparative value of facial nerve grading systems. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997; 117(4):322\u20135.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"117_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199402000-00013","volume":"32","author":"PC Johnson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johnson PC, Brown H, Kuzon WM, Balliet R, Garrison JL, Campbell J. Simultaneous quantification of facial movements: the maximal response array of facial nerve function. Ann Plast Surg. 1994; 32:171\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"117_CR13","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering","author":"W Samsudin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samsudin W, Sundaraj K. Image processing on facial paralysis for facial rehabilitation system: A review. In: IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering. Malaysia: IEEE: 2012. p. 259\u2013263."},{"key":"117_CR14","unstructured":"Wachtman GS, Liu Y, Zhao T, Cohn J, Schmidt K, Henkelmann TC, et al. Measurement of asymmetry in persons with facial paralysis. In: Combined Annu. Conf. Robert H. Ivy. 2002. Ohio Valley: Soc. Plastic Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"117_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-3142(03)00078-X","volume":"91","author":"Y Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu Y, Schmidt K, Cohn J, Mitra S. Facial asymmetry quantification for expression invariant human identification. Comput Vis Image Understanding J. 2003; 91:138\u201359.","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Understanding J"},{"key":"117_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2017508","volume":"56","author":"S He","year":"2009","unstructured":"He S, Soraghan J, O\u2019Reilly B, Xing D. Quantitative analysis of facial paralysis using local binary patterns in biomedical videos. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2009; 56:1864\u20131870.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"117_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02347540","volume":"42","author":"S Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang S, Li H, Qi F, Zhao Y. Objective facial paralysis grading based on pface and eigenflow. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2004; 42:598\u2013603.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"0975\u20138887","key":"117_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"54","author":"K Anguraj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anguraj K, Padma S. Analysis of facial paralysis disease using image processing technique. Int J Comput Appl. 2012; 54(0975\u20138887):1\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"117_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong J, Ma L, Li W, Wang S, Liu L, Lin Y, et al. An approach for quantitative evaluation of the degree of facial paralysis based on salient point detection. In: International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Workshops. IEEE: 2008.","DOI":"10.1109\/IITA.Workshops.2008.93"},{"key":"117_CR20","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 Third International Conference onKnowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"L Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu L, Cheng G, Dong J, Qu H. Evaluation of facial paralysis degree based on regions. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Third International Conference onKnowledge Discovery and Data Mining. IEEE Computer ScienceSociety: Washington: 2010. p. 514\u20137."},{"key":"117_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.2004611","volume":"17","author":"S Lankton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lankton S, Tannenbaum A. Localizing region-based active contours. IEEE Trans Image Process. 2008; 17:2029\u2013039.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"117_CR22","first-page":"127","volume":"21","author":"P Wilson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilson P, Fernandez J. Facial feature detection using haar classifier. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 2006; 21:127\u2013133.","journal-title":"Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges"},{"key":"117_CR23","volume-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference","author":"P Viola","year":"2001","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones M. Rapid object detection using boosted cascade of simple features. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference. USA: IEEE Computer Society: 2001."},{"key":"117_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowe DG. Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision,1999. p. 1150\u20131157.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790410"},{"key":"117_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.818350","volume":"14","author":"J Daugman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Daugman J. How iris recognition works. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. 2004; 14:21\u201330.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"117_CR26","first-page":"623","volume":"1","author":"R Tsai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsai R, Osher S. Level set methods and their applications in image science. Commun Math Sci. 2003; 1:623\u201356.","journal-title":"Commun Math Sci"},{"key":"117_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/jvci.2001.0500","volume":"13","author":"A Yezzi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yezzi A, Tsai A, Willsky A. A fully global approach to image segmentation via coupled curve evolution equations. J Vis Commun Image Represent. 2002; 13:195\u2013216.","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"key":"117_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","volume":"9","author":"N Otsu","year":"1979","unstructured":"Otsu N. A threshold selection method from gray-level histogram. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern. 1979; 9:62\u201366.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"117_CR29","volume-title":"International Conference on Pattern Recognition.","author":"X Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu X, Cheung Y, Li M, Liu H. A lip contour extraction method using localized active contour model with automatic parameter selection. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition.Istanbul: IEEE: 2010."},{"key":"117_CR30","first-page":"177","volume":"2","author":"P Verma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verma P, Dubey M, Verma P, Basu S. Daughman\u2019s algorithm method for iris recognition \u2014 a biometric approach. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng. 2012; 2:177\u2013185.","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng"},{"key":"117_CR31","volume-title":"Visual Communications and Image Processing Conference","author":"SK Weeratunga","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weeratunga SK, Kamath C. An investigation of implicit active contours for scientific image segmentation. In: Visual Communications and Image Processing ConferenceIS&T SPIE Symposium Electronic Imaging: San Jose, CA: 2004."}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-016-0117-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-016-0117-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-016-0117-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-016-0117-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T23:46:25Z","timestamp":1718408785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-016-0117-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-016-0117-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]]},"article-number":"23"}}