{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:29:43Z","timestamp":1777577383986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union Grant","award":["224495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["224495"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Excellence Award RE\/08\/003 and FS\/10\/029\/28253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Excellence Award RE\/08\/003 and FS\/10\/029\/28253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Centre","award":["BRC-CTF 196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRC-CTF 196"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust and EPSRC","award":["WT 088641\/Z\/09\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT 088641\/Z\/09\/Z"]}]},{"name":"Lund University Medical Faculty and Lund University Hospital"},{"name":"Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi, n\u00e9e Bildt"},{"name":"Swedish societies of Medicine, Cardiology, and Radiology"},{"name":"Erasmus Mundus + Programme of the European Union","award":["Framework Agreement number: 2013-0040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Framework Agreement number: 2013-0040"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010447","name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>High reproducibility and low intra- and interobserver variability are important strengths of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). In clinical practice a significant learning curve may however be observed. Basic CMR courses offer an average of 1.4\u00a0h dedicated to lecturing and demonstrating left ventricular (LV) function analysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of initial teaching on complete and intermediate beginners\u2019 quantitative measurements of LV volumes and function by CMR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Standard clinical cine CMR sequences were acquired in 15 patients. Five observers (two complete beginners, one intermediate, two experienced) measured LV volumes. Before initial evaluation beginners read the SCMR guidelines on CMR analysis. After initial evaluation, beginners participated in a two-hour teaching session including cases and hands-on training, representative for most basic CMR courses, after which it is uncertain to what extent different centres provide continued teaching and feedback in-house. Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) assessed delineations. Agreement, accuracy, precision, repeatability and reliability were assessed by Bland-Altman, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient methods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Endocardial DSC improved after teaching (+0.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) for complete beginners. Low intraobserver variability was found before and after teaching, however with wide limits of agreement. Beginners underestimated volumes by up to 44\u00a0ml (EDV), 27\u00a0ml (ESV) and overestimated LVM by up to 53\u00a0g before teaching, improving to an underestimation of up to 9\u00a0ml (EDV), 7\u00a0ml (ESV) and an overestimation of up to 30\u00a0g (LVM) after teaching. For the intermediate beginner, however, accuracy was quite\u00a0high already before teaching.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Initial teaching to complete beginners increases accuracy for assessment of LV volumes, however with high bias and low precision even after standardised teaching as offered in most basic CMR courses. Even though the intermediate beginner showed quite high accuracy already before teaching, precision did generally not improve after standardised teaching. To maintain CMR as a technique known for high accuracy and reproducibility and low intra- and inter-observer variability for quantitative measurements, internationally standardised training should be encouraged including high-quality feedback mechanisms. Objective measurements of training methods, training duration and, above all, quality of assessments are required.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-017-0197-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T13:35:42Z","timestamp":1495028142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The effect of initial teaching on evaluation of left ventricular volumes by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: comparison between complete and intermediate beginners and experienced observers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0041-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Hedstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Sep\u00falveda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ryd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Sperling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Engblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eike","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"197_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/10976649909080829","volume":"1","author":"CH Lorenz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lorenz CH, Walker ES, Morgan VL, Klein SS, Graham TP. 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